1. Welcome Back! Bellringer
What is the blanket of air that surrounds the Earth?
Quiz Friday on notes 7.1 – 7.4
I put up your rocketships from the Saltwater Test
Atmosphere

2. THE ATMOSPHERE

3. What is the Atmosphere?
Atmosphere – the blanket of gases that surround the Earth and go from the surface to outer space

4. What is the Atmosphere? Made of air, which is a combination of gases
78% Nitrogen (N2)
21% Oxygen (O2)
1% Other Gases (such as Argon, Hydrogen, Carbon Dioxide, and Water Vapor)

5. What is the Atmosphere? What else is in the atmosphere?
Water vapor (water in gas phase) – the amount changes based on season, elevation, and ground features
Solids (such as dust and salt) – combine with water vapor to create clouds

6. What is the Atmosphere?
Gas levels (including oxygen) decrease with elevation until there are too few gas particles to detect

7. Layers of the Atmosphere
EXOSPHERE
Layers of the Atmosphere
5 Layers:
Troposphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere
Exosphere }
Lower Atmosphere }
Upper Atmosphere

8. Troposphere Tropopause – highest point of the troposphere
Closest layer to the Earth (the layer we live in)
Layer where clouds form, weather occurs, and air pollution collects

9. Troposphere Contains most of the atmosphere’s mass (air particles)
Temperatures in the troposphere decrease with elevation
Ex: snow-topped mountains

10. Stratosphere Stratopause – highest point of the stratosphere
Contains the Ozone Layer
Ozone (O3) – a gas that absorbs some of the Sun’s radiation and helps warm the Earth
Temperatures increase with elevation because of all the absorbed radiation

11. Mesosphere __________ – highest point of the mesosphere Mesopause
Middle layer (“meso” means “middle”)
Meteors burn up in this layer
Coldest layer (-90o Celsius!)
Temperatures decrease with elevation
Mesopause

12. Thermosphere Hottest layer (more than 1000oC!)
Temperatures increase with elevation
During the day, temperatures can increase by oC
The air molecules are so far apart, they wouldn’t feel warm to humans

13. Exosphere Outermost layer of the atmosphere
Very little nitrogen and oxygen; mostly hydrogen and helium
Temperatures decrease with elevation

14. Exosphere
Very little mass, fewer and fewer air particles until there are none
Gradually fades into outer space

15. Layers of the Atmosphere
A way to remember the layers:
That Silly Martian Tickled Elmo

16. Temperature ___ with Elevation (circle answer)
Fill in table
Atmospheric Layer
Temperature ___ with Elevation (circle answer)
Special Features
Increase Decrease
Closest layer; weather and pollution
Ozone layer
Meteors burn up; Coldest layer
Hottest layer
Outermost layer; Hydrogen and helium
Troposphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere
Exosphere

17. Ionosphere
Overlaps several of the layers (not considered one of the 5 major layers)
Sun’s radiation creates electrically-charged particles (ions)

18. Ionosphere
The ions sometimes release energy in the form of light, creating the auroras (Northern and Southern Lights)

19. ISS and the Auroras

20. Solar Energy
Most of the changes in the atmosphere are due to differences in temperature or air pressure
The differences in temperature are due to different amounts of solar radiation absorbed by the atmosphere

21. Solar Energy The Sun is the source of all energy in the atmosphere
Approximately 50% of the Sun’s energy is reflected or absorbed by the atmosphere
This means only 50% of the Sun’s energy makes it to Earth’s surface

22. Solar Energy
How is energy transferred?

23. Solar Energy
Radiation – the transfer of energy through space by visible light, ultraviolet radiation, and other forms of electromagnetic waves

24. Solar Energy
Conduction – the transfer of energy when molecules come in direct contact with each other
Conduction only affects a thin layer of air near Earth’s surface when surface air particles transfer heat to air particles in the troposphere

25. Solar Energy
Convection -- the transfer of energy by the movement of heated substances
Warm air ______ and cold air ________!!!!!

26. Solar Energy
As warm air rises, it cools and sinks back towards Earth, where it warms again
This movement of air (convection) causes weather

27. Graphing the Atmosphere
You will need a black, blue, and red coloring pencil, as well as a ruler
Do #s 1 & 2 FIRST with the table
Then complete #s 3-8 on the graph
Answer analysis questions
Staple back together
Make sure your name is on it
Put in the basket

30. Bell Ringer Announcements
Turn in Graphing Activity if you didn’t yesterday
Wave Diagrams – optional make-up assignment for people who scored 60 or below (stapled to your original assignment). Let me know if I accidentally missed you.
Make up Saltwater Tests asap (today or Thurs)
Hand back tests.
Hand back vocab and review.

31. National Geographic Video

33. Bill Nye -- Atmosphere Get out a sheet of notebook paper.
As you are watching, write down:
3 things you already knew about the atmosphere
2 things you learned about the atmosphere
1 thing you found really interesting (be specific)
Turn in at the end of the video
After the video: work INDIVIDUALLY on Atmosphere Vocabulary Sheet.

34. Make vocab foldables
Column 1: word, Column 4: picture
They fold and cut
Column 2 (behind word) – definition
Column 3 (behind pic) -- sentence