5. References:
Despite the well-known association of VTE and cancer, patients are woefully unaware of that risk and of warning signs and symptoms:
1. Lyman GH, et al. Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis and treatment in patients with cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline update. Journal of Clinical Oncology May 13;31(17):
2. Noble S, Matzdorff A, Maraveyaspatients' anticoagulation preferences for the treatment of cancer-associated thrombosis using conjoint methodology. Haematologica 2015; 100(11):
VTE can be detected on imaging studies conducted for other indications, typically while staging cancer:
1. Khorana A. et al, Incidental Venous Thromboembolism in Oncology Patients. JTH 2012; Dec; 10(12):
2. O’Connell C.L, et al. Unsespected Pulmonary Emboli in Cancer Patients: Clinical Correlates and Relevance. JCO 2006; 24;
3. Stein PD, et al. Chest 1995;110:978–81
4. Sander DA, et al. Autopsy proven pulmonary embolism in hospital patients: are we detecting enough deep vein thrombosis? J R Soc Med 1969;82:203–5.
5. Nicolaides AN, Fareed J, Kakkar AK, Breddin HK. Prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism International Consensus Statement (guidelines according to scientific evidence). International Angiology Jun 1;25(2):101
High rates of incidental VTE:
1. Moore RA, Adel N, Riedel E, Bhutani M, Feldman DR, Tabbara NE, Soff G, Parameswaran R, Hassoun H. High incidence of thromboembolic events in patients treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy: a large retrospective analysis. Journal of Clinical Oncology Aug 1;29(25):
2. Menapace LA, Peterson DR, Berry A et al. Symptomatic and incidental thromboembolism are both associated with mortality in pancreatic cancer. Thromb Haemost 2011;106:371–378
Similar outcomes for cancer patients with incidental & symptomatic PE:
1. Den Exter PL, Hooijer J, Dekkers OM, Huisman MV. Risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism and mortality in patients with cancer incidentally diagnosed with pulmonary embolism: a comparison with symptomatic patients. Journal of Clinical Oncology May 9;29(17):