1. Chapter 2 Section 5
Mr. Plude

2. Antifederalists versus Federalists
Constitutional Convention adjourned September 17, 1787
New national government would
— Greatly reduce powers of state legislatures
— Completely restructure Congress

3. Antifederalists vs Federalists

4. Antifederalists vs Federalists
Framers outlined process for ratifying Constitution
— Voters in each state to elect representatives to state ratifying convention
— To become law, Constitution had to be ratified by 9 of 13 states
Two factions
— Federalists supported Constitution
— Antifederalists opposed Constitution

7. Antifederalists position
Recognized need for stronger national government
new Constitution betrayed ideals of American Revolution
Believed national government would become too powerful
Strongest criticism—Constitution lacked bill of rights guaranteeing civil liberties

8. Antifederalists position
Saw constitution as assault on:
state power
sovereignty
republicanism
liberty of the people

10. Antifederalists versus Federalists
The Federalists
supporters of STRONG national government
Feared weak government more Than strong
Articles of Confederation were too weak
powerful national government would strengthen union,
Also believed strong government Promoted public good

11. Antifederalists versus Federalists
The Federalists
Government would be empowered to defend against foreign enemies, regulate trade, and put down internal disturbances.
Believed separation of powers in Constitution put limits on government power

12. Federalist Papers Authors
Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, John Jay
Wrote under pen name Publius—one of founders of Roman Republic
Authored 85 essays total
Published in newspapers

13. Factions and Federalist Papers
Papers 10 and 51 argued Constitution would balance influence of different factions
Others explained how principles of government would limit national authority, preserve liberty

15. Circulated throughout the state's newspapers
The Federalist Papers
Circulated throughout the state's newspapers
Classic statement of American political theory
Collectively called the Federalist Papers

16. Antifederalists published essays Protecting liberty a chief concern
The Federalist Papers
Rebuttal Essays
Antifederalists published essays
Protecting liberty a chief concern
“Certain unalienable and fundamental rights…ought to be explicitly ascertained and fixed.”

17. The Fight for Ratification
Antifederalists wanted the basic rights of the people spelled out in the Constitution.
Bill of Rights became a key focus in the fight over ratification.

18. The Fight for Ratification
Federalists better prepared & organized
Targeted small states
Delaware first to ratify, December 7, 1787

19. The Fight for Ratification
Ratification harder in larger powerful states
Promise of adding bill of rights key to winning many states
Eventually all 13 states ratified

21. The Fight for Ratification
Bill of Rights
First Congress made bill of rights one of government’s first priorities
Ideals found in Declaration of Independence & other founding documents

22. The Fight for Ratification
Bill of Rights
: 10 amendments, traditionally called the Bill of Rights, ratified
Protected freedom of speech, press, religion, due process, right to fair trial, trial by jury

23. 1st Amendment
The 1st Amendment guarantees freedom of religion, speech, the press, assembly, and petition.
practice any religion we want to
to speak freely
to assemble (meet)
to address the government (petition)
to publish newspapers, TV, radio, Internet (press)

24. 2nd Amendment The 2nd Amendment
protects the right to bear arms (own gun)

25. 3rd Amendment
The 3rd Amendment “No soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.”
We cannot be forced to house or quarter soldiers.

26. 4th Amendment
The 4th Amendment protection from unreasonable search & seizure
Police/Government must have a warrant to enter/search private property our homes.
Cannot arrest or seize property without valid warrant
Warrants issued by judges
Based on probable cause (good reason).

27. 5th Amendment
The 5th Amendment Cannot be held for crime unless properly indicted, (accused) (Due Process)
Cannot be tried twice for the same crime (double jeopardy)
You don’t have to testify against yourself in court. (Self-incrimination)

28. 6th Amendment
The 6th Amendment guarantees speedy criminal trial (you can’t be kept in jail for over a year without a trial)
an impartial jury (doesn’t already think you are guilty)
Can confront witnesses against them
Allowed to have a lawyer

29. 7th Amendment
The 7th Amendment guarantees the right to a speedy civil trial.
Civil trial – Lawsuit between private parties.

30. 8th Amendment The 8th Amendment Fair punishments No cruel or unusual
Extraordinarily large fines will not be set.

31. 9th Amendment
"The enumeration (listing) in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people."
People don’t lose inherent rights because they are not listed.
Unstated inherent rights belong to the people

32. 10th Amendment
The 10th Amendment The powers not delegated (given) to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.
Reserve powers
Power check wanted by antifederalists