1. Regional Annular Geometry in Patients With Mitral Regurgitation: Implications for Annuloplasty Ring Selection 
Arminder S. Jassar, MBBS, Mathieu Vergnat, MD, Benjamin M. Jackson, MD, Jeremy R. McGarvey, MD, Albert T. Cheung, MD, Giovanni Ferrari, PhD, Y. Joseph Woo, MD, Michael A. Acker, MD, Robert C. Gorman, MD, Joseph H. Gorman, MD 
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 
Volume 97, Issue 1, Pages (January 2014)
DOI: /j.athoracsur
Copyright © 2014 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

2. Fig 1
Technique for annular segmentation: (A) 3-dimensional echocardiographic volume containing the mitral valve with cross-sectional planes at 10-degree increments; 8(B) representative 2-dimensional cross-section with green dots representing the selected annular points. (AA = anterior mitral annulus; AML = anterior mitral leaflet; AoV = aortic valve; LA = left atrium; LV = left ventricle; LVOT = left ventricular outflow tract; MVO = mitral valve orifice; PA = posterior mitral annulus; PML = posterior mitral leaflet.)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , 64-70DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2014 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

3. Fig 2
(A) Oblique, (B) intercommissural, and (C) transvalvular annular landmarks are shown of a 3-dimensional annular model depicting the 36 annular data points (white spheres). (A) Calculation of annular height at a given annular point (zn). (B) Determination of maximum annular height (AHmax) and septolateral diameter (SL). (C) Determination of intercommissural width (CW) and the mitral transverse diameter (MTD). (AA = anterior annulus; AC = anterior commissure; AL = anterolateral annulus; L= lateral annulus, PA = posterior annulus; PC = posterior commissure; PM = posteromedial annulus; S = septum, zmax = maximum height; zmin = minimum height.) The least squares plane is depicted by a horizontal line in panels A and B and in the check boxes in panel C.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , 64-70DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2014 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

4. Fig 3
(A) Mean annular height (AH) is depicted normalized to commissural width (AHCWR) plotted as a function of rotational position around the annulus for the normal mitral valve, ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR,) and myxomatous mitral regurgitation (MMR)groups. The three curves differ in overall shape from each other (p < by functional analysis of variance). The areas where they differ are indicated by the shaded gray bars. (B) Normal vs MMR: Significant differences (p < 0.05) at positions 1 to 15, 30 to 85, 125 to 165, 210 to 240, and 330 to 360. (C) Normal vs IMR: Significant differences (p < 0.05) at positions 1 to 5, 20 to 60, 240 to 275, and 310 to 360. (D) IMR vs MMR: No significant difference at any individual position. (AA = anterior annulus; AC = anterior commissure; PA= posterior annulus; PC = posterior commissure.)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , 64-70DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2014 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

5. Fig 4
(A) Transcommissural and (B) anteroposterior views of hybrid annular models for the normal, ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR), and myxomatous mitral regurgitation (MMR) groups. (AA = anterior annulus; AC = anterior commissure; PA = posterior annulus; PC = posterior commissure.)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , 64-70DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2014 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

6. Fig 5
Left ventricle inner diastolic diameter (LVIDd) and ratio of left ventricle diameter to various annular size parameters for the ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR) and the myxomatous mitral regurgitation (MMR) groups are depicted as a percentage of the normal group measurements (horizontal black line). The error bars indicate the standard error. *p < 0.05.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , 64-70DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2014 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions