1. The Urinary and Digestive Systems

2. Urinary System- Basic Function
Removes waste products from the blood
It regulates blood pH, ion balance, and water balance
It also functions to remove urea from the blood
Urea is produced when foods containing protein (ex. meat, poultry) are broken down in the body

3. A basic photo

4. The System First, the blood travels to the kidney via the renal artery
There are two kidneys
If the first half of the kidney is removed, it is possible to see different regions of the kidney
The most external region in the kidney is the renal cortex
Many tubes and blood vessels make this region appear red
Deep into the kidney is the renal medulla
This a darker red
The nephrons are located in the renal medulla and the cortex

5. The whole function of the kidney happens in its functional unit, the nephron

6. The Nephron

7. Continued
The urine is created, with aid of the nephron, and it flows through the renal pelvis and through the ureter
The urine is stored in the urinary bladder
There is a sphincter located on the urinary bladder
The urine eventually exits the body through the urethra

8. The Digestive System

9. The Function of the Digestive System
The breakdown of food (digestion)
The absorption of nutrients (absorption)

10. Step-by-Step The first main step is swallowing the food or liquid
This step is voluntary, but once the process begins it is involuntary and is controlled under the nervous system
The mouth digests food chemically and mechanically
After the food is swallowed, the soft plate blocks the upper pharynx to avoid food from entering into the nasal cavity
Many muscles in this region contract, forcing the food down into the throat

11. Continued
The food makes contact with the epiglottis, a flap, the prevents food from entering into the respiratory area
The esophagus, which connects the throat with the stomach is the next stop in which the food goes through
The food is pushed through the esophagus by peristalsis
Where the stomach and the esophagus connect there is a ring like sphincter that allows food to come in, but doesn’t allow food to splash out

12. Continued
The stomach completes 3 mechanical tasks: stores, mixes, empties
First, the stomach stores food in the upper portion
This requires the stomach to relax and accept a large amount of food
Then, the lower part of the stomach mixes up the food
Chemical digestion also happens here with the aid of digestive juices
Then, the stomach empties the food via a sphincter

13. Continued
Then, the food is chemically digested with digestive fluids from the pancreas, liver, and gall bladder
The food is chemically broken down by the three organs above in the three areas of the small intestine: the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum
Bile is secreted into the small intestine through the liver and other fluids enter through the pancreas
Digestive fluids are also secreted by the gall bladder
The majority of absorption occurs in the villi and microvilli of the small intestine

14. Villi and Microvilli
They increase the surface are of the small intestine, improving its absorption quality

15. Continued
Next, the wastes are now in the colon (large intestine) and the stool is created
It first passes through the cecum and the various region of the large intestine and absorbs a lot of water and salts
The stool leaves the body through the rectum (where the feces is stored), via a sphincter

16. Review- Digestive System

17. Review- Urinary System

18. Questions Which system is related to the urinary system?
The cardiovascular system is most related to the urinary system because the urinary system essentially filter the blood, creating urine, and then excreting it.
Note: this is not the digestive system
What body cavity does the urinary system lie in?
The urinary system lies in the abdominal pelvic cavity

19. Questions What system is related to the digestive system?
The nervous system controls the involuntary portion of the digestive system.
What body cavity is the digestive system in?
The digestive system is in the abdominal pelvic cavity and the thoracic cavity.

20. The End