1. The Cardiovascular System

2. The Heart
The heart is a muscular organ that is responsible for pumping blood to all parts of the body

3. The Circulatory System
Functions
Transport gases, nutrients, hormones, and wastes
Immunity: Fight Infection
Regulate body temperature
Major Organs:
-Heart
-Blood Vessels

4. 2 way Circulation
There are two circulatory pathways 1. Systematic Circulation
2. Pulmonary Circulation

5. Left Heart Chambers: Systemic Circuit
Systemic Circulation involve the flow of blood rich in Oxygen from the left heart chambers to other parts of the body through the Aorta (largest artery of the heart).
Left Atrium
Receives O2-rich blood from Pulmonary Veins
Left Ventricle
Receives blood from Left Atrium via bicuspid valve
Pumps blood into aorta to body by the arteries.
First click on the video and have students take guided notes. Next, they can put their knowledge to the test by completing the attached worksheet on the anatomy of the heart. The two activities should take no longer than 30 minutes.

6. Right Heart Chambers: Pulmonary Circuit
Pulmonary circulation involve the flow of blood poor in Oxygen from the Vena Cava to the right chambers into the lungs.
Right Atrium
Receives O2-poor blood from body via IVC, SVC by veins.
Right Ventricle
Receives O2-poor blood from right atrium through tricuspid valve
Pumps blood to lungs by the Pulmonary artery to pick up oxygen
First click on the video and have students take guided notes. Next, they can put their knowledge to the test by completing the attached worksheet on the anatomy of the heart. The two activities should take no longer than 30 minutes.

7. Summary of Vascular Circuits
Systemic
( top part of body)
Pulmonary
( heart to lungs)
First click on the video and have students take guided notes. Next, they can put their knowledge to the test by completing the attached worksheet on the anatomy of the heart. The two activities should take no longer than 30 minutes.
Systemic
(lower part of body)

9. Pulmonary Arteries carry deoxygenated blood back to the lungs.
Right
Deoxygenated
LEFT
Oxygenated

10. Inferior Vena Cava

11. Types of blood cells
Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes): Carry oxygen. Contain hemoglobin
White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)- Fights disease
Platelets (Thrombocytes) – Clot the blood
Plasma: Clear liquid in which the blood cells are suspended and carries glucose, proteins and waste.

12. Carry Oxygen. Contain hemoglobin.
Blood Clotting
Fight Disease

13. The Vessels
The Vascular System is made up of many connective tunnels through which blood flows
The vascular system is made up of three main types of blood vessels:
Arteries
Capillaries
Veins

14. Arteries
Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood, rich in oxygen, from the heart to other parts of the body.
The large arteries have thick walls of elastic-like tissue that enables them to withstand the blood pressure created by the heart’s beating.

15. Capillary Bed
Capillaries are tiny, thin-walled blood vessels that connect arteries to veins and are located in all body tissues.
Capillaries are so small in diameter that blood cells pass through in a single file.

16. Capillary Action CAPILLARIES ALLOW FOR:
nutrients, oxygen, and water to diffuse out of blood to the tissues.
Waste products, like carbon dioxide, diffuse from the tissues into the blood.

17. Veins
Veins are the blood vessels that return blood to the heart from all parts of the body.
Veins have valves that aid the return flow of blood and prevent the blood from reversing flow.

18. Summary Arteries (aa.) Veins (vv.) Direction of flow
Blood Away from Heart
Blood to Heart
Pressure
Higher
Lower
Walls
THICKER: Tunica media thicker than tunica externa
THINNER: Tunica externa thicker than tunica media
Lumen
Smaller
Larger
Valves
No valves

19. What do we mean by blood pressure?
Blood pressure is a measure of the force with which blood pushes against an artery wall.
ARTERIES
ARTERIOLES
CAPILIARIES
HEART
Because blood is being pumped, it will exert pressure on the blood vessels
As blood travels through the blood vessels, it’s hitting against the inner walls of these vessels
This exert a pressure on the blood vessels ….called BLOOD PRESSURE
Heart beat send blood out to the body via blood vessels

20. High Blood Pressure (Hypertension) 120/80
Systolic-(Contracts)Squeezing
Diastolic- Resting
Contractions of the Ventricle are responsible for Blood Pressure
120/80
sphygmomanometer

21. Constrict- Narrow
Dilate-Widen

22. Factors affecting blood flow
Blood Vessel Diameter
Blood viscosity
Total Vessel Length

23. Factors affecting blood flow
Blood Vessel Diameter
Blood vessel diameter:
Anything that constrict blood vessels will increase resistance
Anything that will dilate blood vessels will decrease resistance

24. Factors affecting blood flow
Blood Viscosity
Blood viscosity is the measure of thickness of blood.
RBC is the largest of the blood components
More RBC means more thickness, more resistance on blood vessels therefore, slower blood flow
Less RBC means less thickness, less resistance on B.V. therefore, faster blood flow
If blood viscosity increases with added RBC, which item you think would have the most concentration of RBC?

25. Factors affecting blood flow
Blood Vessel Length
Total Blood Vessel Length
Longer the blood vessel, the longer it will take for blood to travel and the greater the pressure needed to push blood through
Obesity adds to overall total vessel length.
More mass means
more blood
Vessels needed
to cover

26. 1. Which of the following factors would most directly affect blood flow through the circulatory system?
A. blood pressure
B. blood sugar
C. respiratory rate
D. outside temperature

27. What causes blood pressure?
A. cholesterol in the blood
B. stress that exercise puts on heart muscle
C. contraction of the ventricles in the heart
D. removal of oxygen from the blood

28. . The rate at which blood flows through the human body changes in response to many factors. Which statement describes one of these factors and its effect on blood flow?
A. A high viscosity of blood causes an increased resistance in the blood vessels and leads to slow blood flow.
B. A low blood pH decreases the rate of diffusion through the blood vessels and leads to slow blood flow.
C. The changing of the shape of red blood cells to a crescent shape decreases resistance and lead to a faster blood flow.
D. The narrowing of blood vessels increases pressure and leads to a faster blood flow.

29. Cardiovascular Disease
Caused by the build up of cholesterol in the arteries, restrict blood flow.
Atherosclerosis
Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction)
Stroke

30. Atherosclerosis
 Buildup of fats and cholesterol on the artery walls (plaque), which can restrict blood flow.
The plaque can burst, triggering a blood clot.

31. Atherosclerosis
What are some effects on blood flow?

32. Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction)
When a cholesterol plaque form on the side of the artery reducing blood flow if it burst then reduce blood flow. Therefore, heart muscle cannot receive blood, so the heart cannot pump properly

33. Stroke
Stroke is caused by a blocked blood vessel or bleeding in the brain

34. Which lobe?

35. Effects of Exercise
1. Your heart becomes stronger 2. Increases Heart Rate 3. Blood vessels dilate to increase blood flow. - carry more oxygen - remove carbon dioxide 4. As you exercise blood is directed to your muscles.

36. Myocardio Infarction

37. What I need to know:
Blood Pressure is caused by the constriction of the ventricles.
Blood flow is affected by blood pressure.
As blood pressure increases , blood flow decreases.
Blood Pressure can increase from stress or nervousness.
Atherosclerosis is the build up of plaque in the arteries.
Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
Bleeding can lower the blood volume.
Bloods viscosity slows the flow in the blood vessels.
Blockage of Coronary arteries can cause a heart attack.

38. R-EOC ________________________________ MA-__________ CA-________
Bell Ringer # 2
Which line in the graph above best illustrates an effect of the carbon dioxide level in the blood on breathing rate before, during and after a period of exercise? A. B. C. D.
R-EOC ________________________________
MA-__________ CA-________