1. Warm Up – 9/6/18 Off the water grid video
Instructions: Write down the following questions.
Would you volunteer for a similar experiment in your neighborhood or apartment complex? Why or why not?
If so, how would participation impact your life and your household budget?
If not, what water saving measures are you willing to take to avoid such future measures? (Use the 2015 California or any current example of a drought in the US or comparable area as an example of the need to consider water conservation.)

2. WATER RESOURCES

3. Benchmarks
SC.912.L Describe how different natural resources are produced and how their rates of use and renewal limit availability.
SC.912.L Evaluate the cost and benefits of renewable and nonrenewable resources, such as water, energy fossil fuels, wildlife and forests

4. Earth: The Water Planet
Although the vast majority of Earth is covered in water, one in eight people lacks access to clean freshwater.

5. Where Is Our Water?
Fresh water is both a ________________ and a _____________.
Earth’s fresh water is distributed ________. How much water people use depends on where they live and the time of year.
renewable resource
limited resource
unequally
Did You Know? If all Earth’s water were in a two-liter bottle, only about two capfuls would be fresh, liquid water.

6. Surface Water
____________includes still bodies of waters and river systems.
The distribution of surface water has played a vital role in the _______________of human societies.
Watersheds include all of ______________________________
Every waterway defines a watershed.
Surface water
development
the land area that supplies water to a river system.
Did You Know? The Mississippi River Basin covers 3 million square kilometers (1.2 million sq mi), making it the third largest watershed in the world. It drains 41% of the land area of the contiguous US.

7. Groundwater
Groundwater _______through the soil and becomes contained in underground aquifers.
__________are permeable layers of rock and soil that hold water.
Groundwater can also _______rock formations, filling vast caves with water, creating underground lakes.
seeps
Aquifers
dissolve
As water travels beneath the Earth’s surface, it eventually reaches a level where the rocks and soil are saturated with water.
This level is known as the ___________.
water table

8. Groundwater
• Aquifers release 1.9 trillion L (492 billion gal) of groundwater to the surface each day via springs, geysers, and wells.

9. Watersheds
A ____________is the area of land that is drained by a water system.
The amount of water that enters a watershed ________throughout the year.
Rapidly melting snow as well as spring and summer rains can dramatically __________the amount of water in a watershed.
At other times of the year, the river system that drains a watershed may be reduced to a trickle.
watershed
varies
increase

10. Uses of Fresh Water
One third of all the people on Earth are affected by water shortages.

11. How We Use Water? Three main uses of fresh water include: Agricultural
Industrial
Personal

12. Residential Water Use 300 L 41 L
There are striking differences in residential water use throughout the world.
For example, the average person in the United States uses about _______of water a day.
But in India, the average person uses only
______of water everyday.
In the U.S., only about half of residential water use is for activities inside the home, such as drinking and cooking. The remainder of the water used residentially is used for activities outside the home such as watering lawns.
300 L
41 L

13. Industrial Water Use
Most of the water that is used in industry is used to ______power plants.
Power-plant cooling systems usually ___________from a surface water source such as a river or a lake, carry the water through pipes in a ____________, and then ______the water back into the source.
The water that is returned is usually warmer than the source, but is generally clean and can be used again.
cool
pump water
cooling tower
pump

14. Agricultural Water Use
Agriculture accounts for 67 percent of the water used in the world. Plants require a lot of water to grow, and as much as 80 percent of the water used in agriculture evaporates.

15. Using Surface Water Most freshwater used in the U.S. is ____________
Surface water is ________by canals and dams.
Drought and overuse have caused significant surface water depletion.
surface water.
diverted

16. Dams and Reservoirs
A _________is a structure that is built across a river to control a river’s flow.
A _________is an artificial body of water that usually forms behind a dam.
Water from a reservoir can be used for _____________________________________
Hydroelectric dams use the power of flowing water to turn a _________that generates electrical energy.
About 20 percent of the world electrical energy is generated using this method.
dam
reservoir
flood control, drinking water, irrigation, recreation, and industry.
turbine

17. Using Groundwater
68% of groundwater in the U.S. is used for irrigation, most of which is very inefficient.
Groundwater mining turns groundwater into a nonrenewable resource because it is withdrawn from the ground faster than it can be replaced.
When groundwater is depleted, the falling water tables can cause cities to sink, and undrinkable saltwater to move into the depleted aquifers.

18. Solutions to Freshwater Depletion
Increase supply:
______________: “making” fresh water by removing salt from saltwater.
Decrease demand:
___________: drip-irrigation, climate-appropriate plants
____________: water-conserving processes, recycling wastewater to cool machinery.
__________: xeriscaping, water conservation
Desalination
Agricultural
Industrial
Personal
Xeriscaping: requires much less water to maintain landscaping

19. Water Pollution
3,800 children die every day from diseases associated with unsafe drinking water.

20. Water Pollution
________________is the introduction ______________________into water that is harmful to organisms living in the water or to those that drink or are exposed to the water.
Almost all of the ways that we use water contribute to __________________.
However, the two underlying causes of water pollution are ________________________________________
Water pollution
waste matter or chemicals
water pollution
industrialization and rapid human population growth.

21. Types of Water Pollution
Point-source pollution
_____________________: From a discrete location, like a factory or sewer pipe
_____________________: From many places spread over a large area, such as when snowmelt runoff picks up pollutants along its path
Nonpoint-source pollution

22. Wastewater
After water __________down the drain in the sink, it usually flows through a ___________of sewage pipes that carry it, along with all the other wastewater in your community, to a wastewater treatment plant.
______________is water that contains wastes from homes or industry.
At a wastewater treatment plant, water is __________________to make the water clean enough to return to a river or lake.
flows
series
Wastewater
filtered and treated

23. Toxic Chemical Pollution
Occurs when _________ chemicals are released into waterways
Harms ____________and causes human health problems
harmful
ecosystems

24. Sediment and Thermal Pollution
__________________:
Unusually large amounts of sediment that change an aquatic environment
Sediment pollution results from _________.
Can degrade water quality, cause photosynthesis rates to decline, and disrupt food webs
________________:
A heat source that raises the ____________of a ____________
Heated water holds less oxygen.
Sediment pollution
erosion
Thermal pollution
temperature
waterway

25. Biological Pollution
Biological pollution occurs when pathogens enter a ___________.
Biological pollution causes _________ human health problems than any other form of water pollution.
Water treatment reduces biological pollution.
waterway
more

26. Groundwater Pollution
Sources of groundwater pollution include _______________, ________________ leaking through soil, and leaky underground structures.
Chemicals break down more slowly in groundwater than in surface water.
Most efforts to reduce groundwater pollution focus on ______________.
natural sources
surface pollutants
prevention

27. Ocean Water Pollution
______________In the ocean comes from many widely spread small sources. Natural seeps are the largest single source.
Oil pollution

28. Controlling Water Pollution
Government regulation _______________water pollution.
The _____________
Set water pollution ____________
Required _________to release point- source pollution
Funded sewage treatment plant construction
decreases
Clean Water Act
standards
permits

29. The Water You Drink
Follow the link below to review the 2017 Water Quality Report for the Jacksonville area.
Independent work: Complete the data tables provided in your handout. Analyze the data and draw conclusions about the water quality and contaminants found.
Turn into the bin when finished! Then work on the “Where is our water?” handout.
Update your binder if there is time.

30. Water Treatment
Drinking water is ____________to remove pollutants before humans consume it.
___________is treated to remove pollutants before human-used water is released back to the environment.
treated
Wastewater

31. Exit Slip How can fresh waster be both renewable and limited?
How can we change the way we use water?