1. Agenda point 5 energy PSUTs: Main Conceptual Choices
NAMEA Task Force Meeting
on Energy Accounts
6-7 May 2010
SMO

2. Intro one basic choice already taken: PSUT framework
in addition 10 conceptual choices have to be discussed
preferably, Task Force decision today!
6-7 May 2010

3. Overview – 10 issues Compatibility with monetary SUTs
How to treat “statistical differences”?
Classification of activities; including “environment”?
How to treat losses?
How to treat “flaring”, “venting”, “re-injections”?
Classification of energy flows
Measurement units
How to deal with activities (e.g. plants such as refineries) owned by foreign units on the territory?
Bridging items
General layout of SUTs
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4. 1 Compatibility with monetary SUTs
product flows recorded in energy PSUTs = product flows recorded in monetary SUTs
Three potential conflicts:
1.1 Energy industry‘s use of its own output
1.2 Representing electricity and heat produced by “autoproducers” as secondary activity production
1.3 Representation of energy products such as blast-furnace gas and coke produced as secondary output by industries typically not producing these products
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5. 1.1 Energy industry’s use of its own output
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6. 1.1 Energy industry’s use of its own output
100 10 10 30 10 10 30
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7. 1.1 Energy industry’s use of its own output
115 10 10 30 15 10 10 30
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8. 1.2 + 1.3 autoproducer’s & non-energy industries’ secondary production
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9. 1.2 + 1.3 autoproducer’s & non-energy industries’ secondary production
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10. 1.2 + 1.3 autoproducer’s & non-energy industries’ secondary production
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11. 1.2 + 1.3 autoproducer’s & non-energy industries’ secondary production
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12. 1.2 + 1.3 autoproducer’s & non-energy industries’ secondary production
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13. 2 How to treat “statistical differences”?
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14. 2 How to treat “statistical differences”?
..add column for “statistical differences”…
A) only in Use table (+/-)
B) in both, Supply and Use table only (+)
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15. 2 How to treat “statistical differences”?
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16. statistical differences
Option A
statistical differences
+/-
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17. Option B + + statistical differences statistical differences
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18. 3 Classification of activities; including “environment”?
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19. 3 Classification of activities; including “environment”?
activities => columns (headings) in SUT framework
economic activities: use standard ESA classifications Annex 1 (NACE); Annex 2 (final use + specific items)
including “environment” (i.e. “nature”) ? ?
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20. 4 How to treat losses?
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21. 4 How to treat losses? First, clarify !
How actually recorded in Energy Statistics ?
How should it be recorded in energy PSUTs ?
=> guidance in SEEA-E => compatibility with monetary SUTs
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22. 4 How to treat losses? How actually recorded in Energy Statistics ?
“Losses” is an activity ..not a flow ! = Element of the transformation block
Definition in InterEnerStat:
“…losses during the transmission, distribution and transport of fuels, heat and electricity. Losses also include venting and flaring of manufactured gases, losses of geothermal heat after production and pilferage of fuels or electricity”
“Production of secondary gases includes quantities subsequently vented or flared...”
Conclusion: product flows supplied by economic activities
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23. 4 How to treat losses? How should it be recorded in energy PSUTs ?
SEEA-E: four types
“…losses of energy may occur during…
extraction,
distribution,
storage, and
transformation.
Conclusion: wider scope !
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24. 4 How to treat losses?
Options to present distribution losses in energy PSUTs ? L 20 E E S 20
electricity
100 20 20 80
electricity 20
are lost !
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25. 4 How to treat losses?
Options to present extraction losses in energy PSUTs ? M M R
crude oil (raw)
120
crude oil (raw)
115 5
crude oil (product)
100 80 20
crude oil (product) 15 15 Σ
115
115
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26. 4 How to treat losses?
Options to present storage losses in energy PSUTs ? E ∆
gas (product)
100 15
supplied from stock 95 5
added to stock 15
released to nature
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27. 4 How to treat losses?
Options to present transformation losses in energy PSUTs ? M E
coal (product)
100 95 5
electricity 60 10 10 40 35 Σ 95 95
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28. 5 How to treat “flaring”, “venting”, “re-injections”?
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29. 5 How to treat “flaring”, “venting”, “re-injections”?
Technical definitions:
“flaring” = combustion of gas
i.e. transformation from one energy form (gas) to another form (dissipative heat)
“venting” = release of gas to the environment due to overpressure in a system
i.e. product flow (gas) from economy to nature
“re-injection” = occurs at extraction stage = unused extraction
i.e. resource flow from nature to nature
product
residual
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30. 5 How to treat “flaring”, “venting”, “re-injections”?
How recorded in Energy Statistics ?
“flaring” + “venting”
only implicitly recorded when occurring whilst transformation from primary to secondary products (e.g. refinery) = caloric difference between primary input and secondary output
not recorded at extraction stage
“re-injection”
not recorded
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31. 5 How to treat “flaring”, “venting”, “re-injections”?
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32. 6 Classification of energy flows
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33. 6 Classification of energy flows
Energy flows => rows (headings) in SUT framework
SEEA: three generic types of flows:
resources: from environment to economy
products: within economy (?to environment?)
Residuals: from economy to environment ?
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34. 6 Classification of energy flows
Recommendation: use classification of energy flows as applied in Energy Statistics !
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35. 6 Classification of energy flows
Recommendation: use classification of energy flows as applied in Energy Statistics !
Most are products (in SEEA typology) !
Exeptions (resources):
5510 Hydro Power
5520 Wind Energy
5532 Solar Heat
5534 Photovoltaic Power
5550 Geothermal Energy
Annex 3 !
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36. 6 Classification of energy flows
Choices:
Resources: if considered => classification needed !
Products: take the Energy Statistics‘ classification incl. correspondence to CPA
Residuals: if considered => classification needed !
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37. 7 Measurement units
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38. 7 Measurement units Choices (options) energetic unit (Joule)
physical natural units (tonnes, cubic metres etc.)
caloric values (conversion factors 1
1 + 2
1 + 3
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39. 8 How to deal with activities (e. g
8 How to deal with activities (e.g. plants such as refineries) owned by foreign units on the territory?
conceptual changes: SNA1993 => SNA2008
goods sent abroad for processing
…considered as a service (processing)
Does this match with recording of physical flows ?
= general issue => to be discussed – SEEA revision
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40. 9 Bridging items
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41. 9 Bridging items Adjustment items
from “territory“-approach => to “residence”-approach
Energy Statistics => Energy Accounts
Transparency !
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42. (T18) Net use of energy by economic activities (breakdown of headline indicator)
= sequence of vectors
1 Net inland use of energy) – territory principle (alternatively: GIC)
of which: renewable share (all renewable products)
3 ( + ) net energy use by resident units abroad (all products)
4 ( – ) net energy use of non-residents on the territory (all products)
5 = net inland use of energy – residence principle
6 ( + ) exports of energy – residence principle
7 = net use of energy – residence principle
of which: renewable share (all renewable products)
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43. 10 General layout of SUTs
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44. 10 General layout of SUTs
Question of representing Supply and Use Tables ?
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45. 10 General layout of SUTs
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46. 10 General layout of SUTs
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