1. The Depression and New Deal
Chapter 25
AP US History

2. Part I: Problems of the Great Depression

3. Summary of the Psychological EffectsB. C.
A. Physical and psychological impact on the entire nation.
B. Fear of losing jobs and unemployment caused anxiety.
C. Suicide rate increased.

4. Impact on Health A. B. C. A. Thousands went hungry
B. Children lacked adequate diet and medical care.
C. Land owners planted “relief gardens.”

5. Family Problems Living conditions changed: Divorce decreased
Unemployed men felt like failures.
Women blamed
A. Living Conditions: multiple families crowded into small houses or apartments.
B. Divorce: Couples could not afford separate households and others postponed wedding plans.
C. Men: Men felt like failures because they could not support their families and lost their status when they saw wives and children working long hard hours.
D. Women Blamed: Women were blamed for taking the jobs of men

6. Part II: The Political Response to the Great Depression

7. Hoover’s Philosophy REMINDER Slide
Believed economic problems beyond US control.
Key to recovery = confidence in economy.
Blamed for depression b/c of passive attitude
Hawley-Smoot Tariff: 1930 protected domestic industries.
Wanted state & local governments to handle recovery

8. FDR’s Philosophy & ApproachB. C. D.
Ready to experiment
Willing to try a number of different solutions until he found one that worked.
Government needed to be more proactive.
Pushed program after program through Congress.
Programs: Focused on providing relief, creating jobs and stimulating the economy.
Addressed public through radio each week.

9. FDR: First 100 Days in Office
Inaugural Address:
Economy Act
Prohibition Ended
Inaugural Address: “You have nothing to fear but fear itself.”
Called Congress into special session
Stopped transactions in gold and proclaimed a bank holiday.
Congress passed the Economy Act
Economy Act: US faced a $5 million deficit. Allowed FDR the power to cut hundreds of millions from veterans relief expenditures.
Concentrated on creating agencies to provide relief.
Got Congress to end prohibition – boosted economy.
Prohibition:
The brewing industry opened over 1,000 plants and employed over ½ million people.
With a 5% government tax per barrel of beer the federal government received revenues of $125 million.

10. New Deal Critic Father Charles Coughlin Father Charles Coughlin
Conservative Roman Catholic Priest
Rhetoric was anti-communism, anti-capitalism, anti-Semitism
Upset at slow pace of reform
Launched National Union for Social Justice
Claimed FDR “out-Hoovered Hoover.”

11. New Deal Critics Continued…
Huey Long – Who was he?
B. Huey Long wanted:
A. Huey Long – Who was he?
Most powerful New Deal critic
Governor of Louisiana
Found FDR too conservative
Felt FDR caved to big business
Supporters: low-income, rural families across country.
Established “Share-Our-Wealth Society”
Tax rich to help the poor
Huey Long Wanted:
$5,000 homestead credit allowance to all American families
$2,000 guaranteed annual income for all Americans
Free college education
Shorter working days
Government storage of crops to help out both farmers and the poor

12. 2nd New Deal 1st New Deal – focused on relief
2nd New Deal – focused on social reform
1935 FDR began sending to Congress new legislative initiatives
Radical shift to the left? OR Tentative step to the left?
WPA, Wagner Act, Social Security Act