1. Bell ringer
What is the difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs?

2. PHOTOSYNTHESIS

3. What is Photosynthesis?
A chemical reaction powered by sunlight that uses carbon dioxide (CO2), and water (H2O) to produce glucose and oxygen.
Carbon dioxide + water Glucose + oxygen
6CO H2O  C6H12O O2
glucose
SUN

4. How to read a chemical equation
light energy
6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2
Inputs are on the left = reactants
Outputs on the right = products
(Energy is not considered a reactant so it is written above: in this reaction energy is needed to break the bonds in H2O)

5. Where does the plant get the CO2 and H2O?
Water comes from the soil and travels in veins throughout plant including to the leaves, where photosynthesis takes place?
CO2 is one of many gases in the air
But how does the CO2 get into the leaf?

6. Through small pores called stomata or guard cells
These guard cells can open and close.

7. Where does photosynthesis take place?

8. Mesophyll Cell of Leaf Photosynthesis occurs in these cells! Nucleus
Cell Wall
Chloroplast
Central Vacuole
Photosynthesis occurs in these cells!

9. Chloroplast Organelle where photosynthesis takes place.
Stroma
Outer Membrane
Thylakoid
Granum
Inner Membrane
Thylakoid stacks are connected together

11. How does the chloroplast work?

12. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll molecules
Chlorophyll is a pigment.
Chlorophyll pigments harvest energy from the sun by absorbing certain wavelengths, especially blue and red.
Plants are green because the green wavelength is reflected, not absorbed.

13. So chlorophyll is the molecule that captures the energy from the sun
And turns it into energy the plant can use: ATP

14. Plants are autotrophs
They take inorganic molecules (CO2 and H2O) and by harvesting the power of the sun, turn them into the organic molecule glucose (C6H12O6) with O2 as a byproduct.
Without this ability to turn inorganic to organic molecules, life could not exist.
So thank a plant today!

15. Bell ringer
How are plants able to harness the sun’s energy, but animals are not?

16. Energy : from sunlight to ATP
Sunlight is the ULTIMATE energy for all life on Earth
Plants convert the sun’s energy into energy in the chemical bonds of sugars
When those bonds are broken (in our bodies or in the plant) energy is released as ATP.

17. Structure of ATP ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate
It is composed of the nitrogen base ADENINE, the pentose (5C) sugar RIBOSE, and three PHOSPHATE groups
The LAST phosphate group is bonded with a HIGH ENERGY chemical bond
This bond can be BROKEN to release ENERGY for CELLS to use

18. High Energy Phosphate Bond

19. Bell ringer
What are the reactants for photosynthesis? What molecule is essential for photosynthesis to take place?

20. Photosynthesis Has Two Parts20

21. Two Parts of Photosynthesis
First part:
1.Light Reaction (or Light
Dependent Reaction)
--Splits water into H+ and O (which is expelled as O2)
--Converts energy from sun into chemical energy of ATP
SUN 21

22. Two Parts of Photosynthesis
Second part:
2. Calvin Cycle or Light Independent Reaction
Uses energy (ATP) from light reaction along with the freed hydrogen and the CO2 to make sugar (glucose). 22

23. Overall Reaction light energy
Carbon dioxide + water  Glucose + oxygen 23