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Regional Heterogeneity of Myocardial Reperfusion Injury: Effect of Mild Hypothermia
Hirotsugu Hamamoto, MD, Bradley G. Leshnower, MD, Landi M. Parish, MD, Hiroaki Sakamoto, MD, Shinya Kanemoto, MD, Robin Hinmon, MS, Shinji Miyamoto, MD, PhD, Joseph H. Gorman, MD, Robert C. Gorman, MD The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Volume 87, Issue 1, Pages (January 2009) DOI: /j.athoracsur Copyright © 2009 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions
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Fig 1 Sheep left ventricular (LV) sections sliced perpendicular to its long axis after staining with Evans blue dye to delineate the risk area. Slice 1 is the most apical region. Slice 3 is most basilar, located approximately halfway between the apex and base of the LV. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur ) Copyright © 2009 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions
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Fig 2 Photographs with planimetry tracings of the ovine left ventricle sliced perpendicular to its long axis. (A) Evans blue dye staining to delineate the ischemic area at risk (AR). The AR is the unstained myocardium. (B) triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining to delineate viable (brick red) from nonviable (pale) myocardium in the AR. (C) technique for transmural analysis. The AR is divided into equally sized subendocardium, midmyocardium, and subepicardium regions. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur ) Copyright © 2009 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions
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Fig 3 Left atrial temperature for each group of animals over time for the entire duration of the experiment. Temperature was maintained very close to goal values for all animals in all groups. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur ) Copyright © 2009 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions
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Fig 4 Infarct size as a percentage of the myocardial area at risk (I/AR) for each left ventricular slice at varying levels of hypothermia. (ap < 0.05 vs 39.5°C; bp < 0.05 vs 38.5°C; cp < 0.05 vs 37.5°C; dp < 0.05 vs 36.5°C; ep < 0.05 vs slice 1; fp < 0.05 vs Slice 2. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur ) Copyright © 2009 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions
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Fig 5 Normalized blood flow in a transmural region of myocardium within the area at risk of slice 2 at varying levels of hypothermia. Data are presented as a percentage of baseline pre-ischemic blood flow. (ap < 0.05 vs 39.5°C; bp < 0.05 vs ischemia; cp < 0.05 vs reperfusion (10 minutes). The Annals of Thoracic Surgery , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur ) Copyright © 2009 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions
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