1. PATHWAYS 2 LISTENING AND SPEAKING Unit 8
National Geographic, Heinle CENGAGE Learning
Elizabeth Celeste Coiman-Lopez, BAT, MS
Houston Community College, School of Continuing Education

2. Unit 8 - p.148 GRAMMAR – The Passive Voice with the Past
RULES:
Use the passive voice when the agent (the doer) of an action is unknown or unimportant.
When the action happened in the past, the verb to be is in the past.
Beautiful images were painted on the walls.
The pyramids were built thousands of years ago.
Use the passive voice with the past tenses to emphasize the direct object of a past action.
Archaeologists discovered a beautiful mural. (active)
A beautiful mural was discovered by archaeologists (passive)
The by phrase can be used to indicate the agent in a passive sentence.
A royal tomb was uncovered by hikers.
Unit p GRAMMAR – The Passive Voice with the Past

3. Unit 8 - p.158 GRAMMAR – Phrasal Verbs
RULES:
They are formed with a verb + particle
Some Particles are: up, down, in, out, at
She gets up at five thirty every morning.
They have their own meanings different from the usual meanings of verbs and particles.
She went outside and looked up at the sky. v. (looked in the direction of the sky)
She looked up the meaning of the word in her cell. (finding information)
Some are Transitive Phrasal Verbs taking objects.
Eyhab wrote down the information.
Other are Intransitive Phrasal Verbs and do not take objects.
Steve showed up for class today.
Unit p GRAMMAR – Phrasal Verbs