1. 3 6 4 5 SCIENCE JOLT Fri., Oct 14 Answer in your journal
In what ways do we use Rocks?
What types of careers might need a knowledge
of rocks? 3 6 4 5

2. ROCKS Any solid mass of mineral or mineral-like
matter that occurs naturally as a part of our planet

3. Geologists classify rocks into 3 groups
1. Igneous Rock: rock that has cooled from molten rock.
2. Metamorphic Rock: Rock that has been changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions.
3. Sedimentary Rock: rock that forms from pressed particles, or precipitates.

4. The Rock Cycle
Earth is one big recycling machine!
The rock cycle is powered by external and internal processes

5. External Processes: - Occur on or near Earth’s surface
- Driven by sun’s energy and gravity c
- Form Sedimentary Rock

6. Internal Processes: - Driven by heat from Earth’s interior
F- - Forms metamorphic and igneous rocks

7. Draw the Rock Cycle You Know
(10 min)

8. Rock Cycle A series of processes on Earth’s surface
and inside the planet
Processes change rocks from one kind to another.
Rock Cycle diagrams can be very simple, or very complex.

9. a 3rd to 5th grade rock cycle

10. A “middle grades” rock cycle

11. A highschool - college level rock cycle

12. Rocks at Earth’s Surface
Rock or Rock Material
Rocks at Earth’s Surface
Processes
Uplift
doesn’t need to be uplifted,
its already at the surface!
Weathering
Extrusive Igneous Rock
Sediments
Intrusive Igneous Rock
Uplift
Uplift
Erosion
Volcanic Activity
Cooling and Crystallization
Metamorphic Rock
Magma
Deposition
Sedimentary Rock
Melting
Heat and Pressure
Cementation and Compaction

13. Rocks at Earth’s Surface
Rock or Rock Material
Processes
Rocks at Earth’s Surface
doesn’t need to be uplifted,
its already at the surface!
Weathering
Uplift
Extrusive Igneous Rock
Sediments
Intrusive Igneous Rock
Uplift
Uplift
Erosion
Volcanic Activity
Cooling and Crystallization
Magma
Metamorphic Rock
Deposition
Sedimentary Rock
Melting
Heat and Pressure
Cementation and Compaction

14. Igneous means fire in Latin
Igneous Rock
Igneous means fire in Latin

15. Formation of Igneous Rocks
Extrusive
Intrusive

16. Intrusive Igneous Rocks
Intrusive – Formed from magma within Earth’s crust
Mostly Si and O, plus Al, Fe, Ca, Na, K, and Mg
Plus some gases including H2O in vapor form.

17. Gases are held within the magma by pressure of surrounding rocks.
IIIntrusive Igneous Rocks
Gases are held within the magma by pressure of surrounding rocks.
Magma is less dense, so it works its way toward the surface.
As magma cools, minerals crystallize.

18. IIIntrusive Igneous Rocks
Even though they FORM within earth, Intrusive Igneous rocks are found at the surface, when the rock above them erodes..
Yosemite Nat’l Park, California

19. Extrusive Igneous Rocks
Magma at the surface is called lava.
Lava is similar in composition to magma,
but most of the gas has escaped.

20. Extrusive Igneous Rocks
Lava hardens into extrusive igneous rock.
Big Big Bend Nat’l Park, Texas

23. melting h&p Rocks at Earth’s Surface Sediments Magma Metamorphic Rock
Rock or Rock Material
Rocks at Earth’s Surface
Processes
Uplift
doesn’t need to be uplifted,
its already at the surface!
Weathering
Extrusive Igneous Rock
Sediments
Intrusive Igneous Rock
Uplift
Uplift
Erosion
Volcanic Activity
Cooling and Crystallization
melting
h&p
Magma
Metamorphic Rock
Deposition
Sedimentary Rock
Melting
Heat and Pressure
Cementation and Compaction

24. Igneous Processes Magma - Rock melts in magma
Uplift
Rocks at Earth’s Surface
doesn’t need to be uplifted,
its already at the surface!
Igneous Processes
Extrusive Igneous Rock
Intrusive Igneous Rock
- Rock melts in magma
- Magma cools and crystalizes
Below surface: Intrusive
At surface: Extrusive
Volcanic Activity
Cooling and Crystallization
melting
Processes
Magma
Rock or Rock Material

25. Igneous Processes Name:__________ Per: ____
Name:__________
Per: ____
Igneous Processes
Put the name of the process in the oval, put the name of the rock or rock material in the rectangle.
Extrusive igneous rock has _____ crystals.
Intrusive igneous rock has ______ crystals.
The rock cycle is powered by ______ _______.

26. Igneous Rock The most abundant of all rock types: 65% of earth’s crust
Extrusive igneous -
formed from lava
above the surface:
Most abundant is basalt.
Intrusive igneous -
formed from magma
below the surface:
Most abundant is granite.

27. Igneous: texture Depends on shape and size of mineral crystals
1. Coarse Grained - (Phaneritic) slow cooling from
magma (large crystals).
2. Fine grained - (Aphanitic) rapidly cooling from
lava (small crystals).
3. Glassy - grains too fine to be seen, or they do
not exist at all.
4. Porphyritic – very large crystals surrounded by medium to fine crystals – very slow cooling
5. Porous – air bubbles from escaping gases (extrusive)

28. fine-grained course-grained porphyritic porous glassy
csmres.jmu.edu/.../HTMLimag/Diorite-3A1.11.JPG
porphyritic
porous
glassy

29. Composition of Igneous Rock
csmres.jmu.edu/.../HTMLimag/Diorite-3A1.11.JPG
High Fe and Mg= dark color
High Si = light color
Granitic composition
(f(felsic)
Basaltic composition
((mafic)
majority of oceanic crust
majority of continental crust

30. A B
A. Granitic composition
B. Basaltic COmposition

31. Igneous Processes Quiz
Name:__________
Per: ____ 7. 6.
Igneous Processes Quiz
Put the name of the process in the oval, put the name of the rock or rock material in the rectangle. 3. 5. 2. 4.
8. Extrusive igneous rock has _____ crystals.
9. Intrusive igneous rock has ______ crystals.
10. The rock cycle is powered : 1.

32. Igneous Processes rocks at surface magma Name:__________ Per: ____
volcanic
activity
Name:__________
Per: ____
rocks at surface
Igneous Processes
uplift
Put the name of the process in the oval, put the name of the rock or rock material in the rectangle.
extrusive igneous rock
intrusive igneous rock
intrusive igneous rock
volcanic
activity
cooling and crystallization
Extrusive igneous rock has _____ crystals.
Intrusive igneous rock has ______ crystals.
The rock cycle is powered by ______ _______.
magma

33. forms below crust from cooling magma
Igneous Rock
Intrusive
Extrusive
forms below crust from cooling magma
forms above crust from cooling lava
course grained
fine grained
cools slowly
cools quickly
large crystals
small crystals
most abundant: granite
Si O
most abundant: basalt
Fe Mg
may be found below surface or at surface