1. Warm-Up Open 2-1 A Changing World
What did the 'Birth of Agriculture' allow the early people to do?

2. Exploring the Americas: 1400 - 1625
A Changing World

3. Expanding Horizons After the fall of Roman Empire…
2. Most Important? Why?
After the fall of Roman Empire…
European world dominated by Catholic Church
But Holy Land now dominated by Islam
Christians fear Islam in Holy Land = loss of Holy Land
1095CE- Europeans launch Crusades
9 wars of Christians trying to boot Muslims out
1st contact w/ Arab world
Arab traders sold goods from China and India
Salt, spices, sugar, silks, etc.
No refrigeration yet
Salt and spices preserve meat
1296CE- Marco Polo returns from China
Brings back all kinds of goodies never seen
Begins writing book about his trip and coolness of Asia
Inspires Columbus (supposedly)
Insert a picture of one of the geographic features of your country.

4. The Renaissance
1300’s-
Powerful renewal of intellectual and artistic creativity
French word meaning ‘rebirth’
Began in Italy but spread across Europe over next 200 years
Renaissance changes way Europeans think of themselves and world
Encouraged them to pursue new ideas and set goals
Gives birth to ‘Age of Exploration’ and discovery
3. Visual
Vocab
Insert a picture illustrating a season in your country.

5. Powerful Nations Emerge
1400’s- population begins to increase.
Up till now Europe patchwork of small countries
Political power divided among local rulers
1400’s- powerful monarchs take over
Spain, Portugal, England, France
Began to est. national laws, courts, taxes, and armies
New powerful kings looking for ways to increase trade, power, and wealth

6. Technology’s Impact Better Maps Problem for early navigators
going off of mistaken info from traders and travelers
Gradually got better
Using reports of explorers
New maps showed
current directions
Showed lines of latitude
Better tools invented to help
Astrolabe
Measured position of stars to determine location
Acquired magnetic compass from Chinese
Could determine direction of sailing
Better Ships
Advances in ship design
Allow for long, ocean voyages
Stern rudder and triangular sail
Possible to sail against current, & into wind
Stole idea from Arabs
Late 1400’s-
Portugal invents 3- masted caravel
Ship w/ 3 sails
Faster and could carry more supplies
Float in shallow water
Spain and Portugal want their piece of spice trade from Italy
Begin race to find all-water route to Asia around Africa
Starts “Age of Exploration”

7. Dangers of the Silk Road
The Perfect Storm
Need 4 Spices, esp SALT
(cut out the Middle Men) +
Dangers of the Silk Road
(look for another way)
Renaissance Thinking
(willingness to TRY new ideas)
King’s Desire 4 POWER
(control trade route-control trade. Control trade-gain more $$$. More $$$-more POWER.)
Better Technology
(compass, astrolabe, rudder, caravel ships) =
5. Equals What?
AGE OF EXPLORATION!!!

8. Early Ideas of Exploration
- Cristoforo Colombo
- Disagreed w/ distance estimates; thought less than half that
-Italian guy but…
Was turned down by Italy
Approached several other countries to find backers for trip ($$$)
All turned him down until… Spain
- Friday, August 3, 1492
Continue on for 2 months and 8 days B4 signs begin to appear
- 12 October 1492
By moonlight around 2 am the Pinta’s spotter cries, “Tierra, Tierra!” (Land, Land!)
By 1400’s- very few believe world is flat (…or is it…)
But…
Did not know there was land b/t Europe and East Asia
Most estimate over 10,000 miles to sail from Europe to East Asia
No ship could carry enough food and water to make such long journey

9. Territories Divided
6. Why were there big problems?
Portugal claimed all land west of Africa was theirs’
Big Problems NOW
Pope Alexander VI divides ocean at 400 miles west of Azore Islands
West of line… Spain
East of line… Portugal
Lined named… Papal Line of Demarcation

10. Treaty of Tordesillas 1494-
7. Terms? Why?
Treaty of Tordesillas
1494-
line moved in agreement to new “Treaty” 700 miles further west when realized how much more land there was
Treaty of Tordesillas divided Americas between Spain and Portugal
Didn’t allow for claims by other countries
England, France, & Netherlands ignored treaty
8. Foreshadow!

11. Exploring the Americas
9. Europeans looking for what?
England, France, & Netherlands wanted in on the $$$ from trade and colonization too
Voyage to Asia, either around Africa or S. America long and difficult
Want to find route going NW over Canada
“NW Passage”
1524- France hires Giovanni da Verrazano to look
Explored coast from N. Canada all the way to Carolinas
10. Carolina?

12. Where it ALL Begins… 1517- Martin Luther (German monk)
11. Why Protestant?
1517- Martin Luther (German monk)
Nails list of complaints about Catholic Church to door of local cathedral
95 Theses
Believed church corrupt
including the Pope!!!
Believed faith not good deeds was way to Heaven
Can’t buy salvation
Changes Europe…
B4 all Europe Roman Catholic
Now… people question ideals of Roman Catholic Church
Begin to “protest” it
Become known as “protestants”
Movement away from Catholic Church to other versions of Christianity called Protestant Reformation
Beginning of Lutherans

13. Protestantism Spreads
12. Created What?
Names?
Luther’s ideas spread widely
John Calvin (French)
Agrees w/ Luther and also breaks away from Catholic Church
Start of Calvinism
King Henry VIII of England breaks away too
Selfish reasons though
Wants divorce; Catholic says, “NO!”
Declares all England now members of new Church of England
King is head of church now, not Pope!
Europe divides
Countries and people decide whether to stay Catholic or join Protestant version of Christianity
Spain and France stay Catholic and work to spread their ideas
English and Dutch turn Protestant
New World will be divided as well

14. Money, Power, Respect
13. Mercantilism?
Religion only 1 of factors that pushed Europeans across Atlantic
Mercantilism: trade = money = POWER
Spain controls trade route, trade, money
So… have all the power
Too powerful to be challenged directly
Other countries explore areas Spain doesn’t control
New World has tons of goodies and resources
$$$ to be made

15. The Columbian Exchange
14. Define?
Voyages of Columbus and other explorers
Brought 2 parts globe B4 had no contact
Europe & Asia
Americas
Led to exchange of goods on both sides of Atlantic
To Americas- Colonists, animals, plants, Disease
To Europe- Crops, food, disease
15. Not Ready For?

16. Essential Question- Exit Ticket
Describe how the 'Colombian Exchange affected both the natives of the Americas as well as the Europeans.
Why were countries like England, France and the Netherlands looking for their own path to Asia (NW Passage)?