1. Quick Review of the cell
What we’ve done so far

2. Generalized cells and their internal organelles
Plant cell
Animal cell

3. Cell Membrane 1.Lipid bilayer or fat sandwich.
2.Very small particles and fat soluble particles can pass through
3.Embedded proteins
Chanels for larger molecules and water soluble molecules to pass through
4. Passive transport requires no energy :If particles flow from a high concentration to a low concentration this is diffusion.
If water moves from a high conc. of water to a low conc. of water this is Osmosis
5. Active transport requires
Energy (ATP)
This is when particles go against the gradient.

4. Making sugar from light
Photo synthesis
Making sugar from light

5. The Taiga or Boreal forest
This forest covers 1/3 of the globe and 2/3 of Canada.
It provides the world with 1/3 of it’s oxygen
Trees have to eat too so they make all their own food

6. Plants photosynthesize to make their own food
Oxygen is just a waste product the plants throw out
Lucky for us!!!!!
Draw this input / output diagram

7. This what the inside of a leaf looks like
Air goes in and out through the stoma or holes in the bottom of the leaf.
The sun shines in through the clear epidermis.
Photosynthesis occurs in the little green balls or chloroplasts

8. Chloroplast or the site of Photosynthesis
Double membrane.
2. The inner membrane is folded into little discs called thylakoid discs.
3. These discs are in stacks called grana.
4. This is where the chlorophyll absorbs sunlight and changes it to ATP. We call this the
Light Reactions.
Oxygen is released here.
5. The spaces between the stacks is called the stroma.
This is where Carbon atoms from carbon dioxide CO2 are hammered together to make PGAL (1/2 a glucose molecule
C 3H6O 3).
We call this the
Calvin cycle.
6. Almost all of the food on Earth comes from this process.

9. Spectrum of visible light
The wavelength of light tells you how much energy it contains.
Visible light has just the right amount of energy to stimulate reactions (sight, photosynthesis) but not damage molecules and cells (cook, cause cancer)
Light can pass through or reflect, this determines it’s colour
It only does work of it is absorbed.

10. Chlorophyll absorption spectrum
Chlorophyll absorbs blue, violet and red light.
It uses these wavelengths for photosynthesis.
It reflects all the green and yellow light that’s why you see green. It’s useless to the plant.

11. Here it is again

12. This experiment was published by Jan Baptisa van Helmont in 1648:
"...I took an earthenware vessel, placed in it 200 pounds of soil dried in an oven, soaked this with rainwater, and planted in it a willow branch weighing 5 pounds.
At the end of five years, the tree grown from it weighed 169 pounds and about 3 ounces.
Now, the earthenware vessel was always moistened (when necessary) only with rainwater or distilled water, and it was large enough and embedded in the ground, and, lest dust flying be mixed with the soil, an iron plate coated with tin and pierced by many holes covered the rim of the vessel. I did not compute the weight of the fallen leaves of the four autumns. Finally, I dried the soil in the vessel again, and the same 200 pounds were found, less about 2 ounces.
Therefore 169 pounds of wood, bark, and root had arisen from water only."
Most of the weight of the tree described in the above experiment came from carbon dioxide and water. The equation for photosynthesis shows that these compounds are used to produce glucose.
6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy ® C6H12O6 + 6O2

13. Here is the chemical equation and the word equation
The left is the input or reactants the right is the out put or products
Copy this equation

14. So here is a quick review
In case you didn’t get it the first time here it is again