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Structure of an Atom.

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Presentation on theme: "Structure of an Atom."— Presentation transcript:

1 Structure of an Atom

2 What Is an Atom? An atom is often referred to as the building blocks of matter Atoms are composed of smaller subatomic particles such as the proton, neutron, and electron. They have a nucleus surrounded by an electron cloud Each element is composed of one type of atom and can not be broken down into a simpler substance

3 Inner Structure of an Atom
Nucleus - Small, dense, positively charged center of the atom which contains most of the atom’s mass The nucleus contains subatomic particles have certain characteristics: Protons - positively charged particles in the nucleus of the atom Neutrons - particles in the nucleus that have no charge but contribute to the atom’s mass

4 Outer Structure of an Atom
Electron cloud - an area encircling the nucleus where electrons are likely to be found The cloud contains energy levels electrons are negatively charged particles located in specific energy levels energy levels completely surround the nucleus there is a specific order for the electrons to fill the energy levels

5 Outer Structure of an Atom
Energy levels completely surround the nucleus Maximum of 2 electrons Nucleus Maximum of 8 electrons Maximum of 18 electrons Maximum of 32 electrons Maximum of 50 electrons

6 Outer Structure of an Atom
valence electrons are in the outermost energy level and are the electrons involved in bonding valence is the number of bonds an atom can form an atom is most stable when its outermost energy level is full

7 Atom Characteristics The number of protons in the nucleus is the atomic number of that atom. The number of protons (+) equals the number of electrons (-) The atomic mass is the mass of the protons plus the mass of the neutrons Atomic mass is reported in the SI units atomic mass units (amu) Protons and neutrons each are given an amu of 1 Electrons have a mass of nearly zero

8 Decoding Atom Information
carbon 6 12.0 # of protons Atom’s symbol Atom’s name Atomic mass

9 Decoding Atom Information cont:
# of protons = # of electrons 6 C carbon Atomic mass = # of protons plus the # of neutrons 12.0


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