1. Digestion
What we eat
Page

2. Nutrients To stay healthy, we need:
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Water
Vitamins
Minerals
We need each one of these for our bodies to work properly

3. Carbohydrates Also called saccharides
Main source of energy for us as well as most other organisms
Made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

4. Carbohydrates Monosaccharides: simple sugars
A molecule made up of one ring structure
Glucose Fructose

5. Carbohydrates Monosaccharides: simple sugars
These are the small molecules that all our cells use for energy

6. Carbohydrates Disaccharides Two monosaccharides put together
Lactose Sucrose

7. Carbohydrates Polysaccharides: complex carbohydrates
Made up of long chains of monosaccharides
Can be straight or branched
Cellulose
Starch

8. Carbohydrates Polysaccharides: complex carbohydrates Glycogen
Polysaccharide found in animals
We store excess glucose as glycogen for use later

9. Proteins Some are major structural component to our bodies
Others are enzymes that perform all the chemical reactions that occur during metabolism

10. Proteins Made up of subunits called amino acids
Amino Carboxyl group group
Variable group

11. Proteins Made up of subunits called amino acids
There are 20 different amino acids

12. Proteins Made up of subunits called amino acids
There are 20 different amino acids
Our body can make 12 of them
The other 8 we must obtain from our food
Called the essential amino acids

13. Lipids Major source of energy for our bodies
It is also a major structural component
All cellular membranes are mainly lipids

14. Lipids Triglyceride: one type of lipid
Made up of a glycerol molecule bound to 3 fatty acids
Glycerol
Fatty
Acids

15. Lipids Triglycerides: Can be either saturated or unsaturated
Saturated: usually solid (fats) at room temperature
Butter and animal fat
Unsaturated: usually liquid (oils) at room temperature
Plant and fish oils

16. Lipids Essential fatty acids
Ones that our bodies need but cannot produce
Omega-3 and Omega-6
Unsaturated
Found in oily fish and some nuts, seeds and leafy vegetables

17. Vitamins
Small molecules that are needed to support an organism’s basic functions
Most we obtain from our diet
A few we can actually produce

18. Vitamins
Vitamin D: produced by skin cells that are subjected to the sun’s light
Vitamin K: produced by bacteria in our large intestine
Vitamin A: produced using beta-carotene, a molecule found in carrots, eggs, and green vegetables

19. Minerals Naturally occurring elements needed by our bodies
Fe: for hemoglobin to carry oxygen
Ca and P: for bones
Na and K: for nerve signals
Some are needed in very small amounts
Zn, Cu, Fl

20. Homework Read “Healthy Eating” on pages 403-405
Answer question 2 on page 405
Instead of recording your food for one day, record it for this weekend