1. J.-P. Cariou, R. Parmentier, L. Sauvage, LEOSPHERE, France
An innovative and autonomous 1.5µm coherent lidar for PBL wind monitoring
J.-P. Cariou, R. Parmentier, L. Sauvage, LEOSPHERE, France
M. Valla, ONERA DOTA, France
I. Antoniou, M. Courtney, DTO/RISOE Laboratory, Denmark

2. Introducing LEOSPHERE, Lidar Environmental Observations
Atmospheric Pollution
Climate Change / Atmospheric research
Forest fire
detection
Volcano-logy
Airport Safety
Wind Farming
Meteorology
Real time atmospheric remote observations

3. Range resolved measurement
Pulsed lidar principle
Aerosols
Range resolved measurement
Acousto-optic
modulator
Telescope Fi t
Circulator
Rotating
Wedge
EDFA
Master
Oscillator n
n+Fi
n+Fi+fd n
l= 1.543µm
t=200ns
Detector
= 1.3 MHz for 1 m/s
Signal1
Fi+ fd

4. Smaller angle (15°) for complex terrain
Wind profile retrieval
Up to 10 user defined heights simultaneously addressed
4 lines of sight sequentially scanned
N-E-S-W (-N-E-S-W….)
1Hz wind profile update
30° scanning cone angle
Smaller angle (15°) for complex terrain
Constant height resolution & independent measurement every 25 meters
Instrument output:
Vr, CNR, svr in every line of sight (~1Hz)
U, V, W, Vh, Direction (~1Hz)
Vhm, Dirm, Um, sUm Vm,sUm, Wm, sUm every 10 min

5. Measurement process, Powerful algorithm
Optical pulse emission + triggering
Pulse propagation + digitizing
x (~ 0.5sec)
Range gate analysis (FFT)
…North, East, South ,West…
Accumulated spectra
Maximum Likelihood Estimator
Doppler Shift, CNR, Spectral broadening
+90° rotation stage
~ 0.5 sec

6. CNR and velocity resolution
Lidar parameters
Wavelength : 1.543µm
Pulse width : 200ns
Energy/pulse : 10µJ
PRF : 20 KHz
Beam diameter : 22mm
Focus : 100m
Accumulation time : 0.5s (10000 shots)
Atmosphere
b= m-1 sr-1
Cn2=10-14 m-2/3

7. From laboratory to operational product
Leosphere industrialization 2006
Onera Leosphere 2005

8. WindCubeTM main characteristics
Real-time 3D wind profile (every second)
Velocity range from 0 to 50m/s
Velocity accuracy 0.2m/s
Altitude range from 30 to 200m
25m constant height resolution
Light (45kg) & Compact (55x55x80cm)
Low consumption (120W)
Instant setup
Silent, Eye-Safe & Discreet
Robust & Unattended
Weather resistant (IP65, wiper, -10 to 40°C)
EZ (friendly) Software
>1-year built-in data storage
Wireless data transfer
Upgradeability: extended range, scan 2D/3D

9. Measurement comparison to met mast
October 2006 to January 2007 at CEA Saclay, France,
METEK 60m, 100m
30° and 15° scanning cone angle
March - May 2007 at RISØ Høvsøre test site, NW coast of Denmark
cup 40, 60, 80, 100, 116m
distant met mast with cup 160m (indicative)
3D sonic 40, 60, 80, 100m
30° and 15° scanning cone angle over

10. March data availability (1Hz data, %)
1.022
WindCubeTM External Validation
0.988
115m
1.003
100m
1.002
80m
1.041
60m
87.7
200
95.9
150
98.2
100
99.1 60
March data availability (1Hz data, %)
altitude (m)
Windcube data availability over
March at RISØ Høvsøre test site (Denmark)
Site weather statistics: - T° min : 0°C - T° max : 16°C
precipitation 50mm - wind speed between 1 and 30 m/s

11. All weather 1Hz data availability @ 116m : 98% over 1 Month
WindCubeTM External 116m
2384 data points (one every 10 min) acquired 2nd half of March 2007
All weather data, all wind directions
17 days
All weather 1Hz data 116m : 98% over 1 Month

12. WindCubeTM External Validation @ 116m
Vertical wind speed standard 116m
Horizontal wind speed standard 116m
676 data points acquired over March at Høvsøre test site (Denmark) dry weather data, wind direction between 240°-300° and 70°-110° (free sector)
wind speeds above 4m/s

13. Future Improvement of Lidar range
Hardware : More powerful EDFA 100µJ
(demonstrated in Jan07 –ref talk Valla)
Software : Change pulse length
(more energy, smaller bandwidth, longer probe length) t E
200ns
800 ns
10µJ
Rmax=160m
DR=25m
Rmax=1000m
DR=100m
100µJ
Rmax=500m
Rmax=3000m

14. Conclusion
Small and robust wind profiler lidar co-developed by ONERA and LEOSPHERE
WindCubeTM product primarily dedicated to Wind Energy Market (30-200m range)  performances match users’ needs for h_ws and direction profiles
WindCubeTM lidar sucessfully validated at RISOE vs cup anemometers
On-going developments for 2D & 3D scan and developments for increased measurement range (wind, shears, wake vortices)