1. 素粒子理論から 岡田安弘（KEK/総合研究大学院大学） 2009年3月26日
Ｊ−ＰＡＲＣハドロン実験ホールへの最初のビームを記念するワークショップ 東海

2. LHC era New era will start from the LHC experiment.
TeV scale physics = Electroweak symmetry breaking.
Many proposals for physics beyond the Standard Model. SUSY, composite Higgs model (little Higgs models), Extra-dimension models, etc.

3. Hints for physics beyond the SM
Origin of neutrino masses.
Dark matter.
Baryon number of the Universe
The TeV scale physics may provide answers, or clues,
or may not be relevant.

4. Indirect search for new physics
B CPV and rare decays
D CPV and rare decays
tau CPV and rare decays
Bs CPV and rare decays
K CP(T)V and rare decays
muon rare decays
muon g-2
EDM
Super B facotory
LHCb
J-PARC hadron hall experiments

5. EDM ~0 SUSY CP Lepton flavor Quark flavor Neutrino mixing B,D,K LFV~0
SM has a characteristic feature among various flavor and CP signals.
EDM ~0
SUSY CP
Lepton flavor
Neutrino mixing
LFV~0
Quark flavor
B,D,K
slepton mixing
GUT
Relationship may be quite different for new physics contributions.

6. [1] KL->pnn, K+->pnn
Theoretically clean processes
The relevant form factor is obtained by K->p en.
Completely short distance dominated.
Top loop dominated (+ charm loop for K+ decay)
A few % theoretical uncertainty.
(a)
(b)
(g)
B(K0->p0nn)
B(K+ -> p+nn)

7. K-> pnn in the SM
Both KL->pnn and K+->pnn are theoretically under control.
Top contribution
Charm contribution
Sub-leading contribution
From Ulich Haisch hep-ph/060517
A few % theoretical errors for both processes.

8. Supersymmetry quark squark lepton slepton gluon gluino W,Z,g,
Supersymmetry is a new type of symmetry connecting bosons and fermions.
Gauge coupling unification is realized with SUSY particles.
The LHC experiment can find squarks and gluon up to 2-3 TeV.
Coupling unification
In SUSY GUT
W,Z,g, H
gluon
lepton
quark
neutralino,
chargino
gluino
slepton
squark
SM particles
Super partners
Spin 1/2
Spin 0
Spin 1

9. Squark mass matrixes carry information on the SUSY
breaking mechanism and interactions at the GUT scale.
Origin of SUSY breaking
(mSUGRA, AMSB, GMSB,
Flavor symmetry, etc.)
SUSY breaking terms at the Mw scale
(squark, slepton, chargino, neutralino, gluino masses)
Renormalization
(SUSY GUT, neutrino Yukawa couplings etc.)
Diagonal : LHC/LC
Off-diagonal: Flavor exp.

10. Prediction of B(K->pnn) in SUSY models
B(K0->p0nn)/B(K0->p0nn)SM
Generic MSSM
Stop mass 2 1
0.5
1.5
Minimal Flavor Violation (MFV)scenario
in minimal SUSY SM (MSSM)
>15%
>12.5%
>10%
Stop mass
Chargino mass
MFV:
squark mixing ~ quark mixing
G.Isidori, et al. 2006

11. Little Higgs model with T parity
Little Higgs model : a model with a composite
Higgs boson.
New particles (heavy gauge bosons, a heavy top
partner) are introduced to cancel the quadratic
divergence of the Higgs mass at one loop level.
The mass of these particles are around
1 TeV if the model is extended with “T parity”.
~10 TeV,
new strong dynamics
~ 1TeV
WH, ZH, fij,
uH,dH AH
T+,T-
~200 GeV
A Higgs boson and SM particles
Particle content of the littlest
Higgs model with T parity.
N.Arkani-Hamed,A.G.Cohen, E.Katz,and A.E.Nelson,2002
C.H.Cheng and I.Low,2003
Mirror quarks and new flavor mixing d u W
VCKM d qH
WH,ZH,AH
VHd

12. Little Higgs Model with T parity (talk by M.Blanke at CERN meeting)

13. Models with extra dim.
Models with extra dimensions were proposed as an alternative scenario for a solution to the hierarchy problem.
Various types of models:
Flat extra dim vs. Curved extra dim.
Various particles are allowed to propagate in the bulk.
Geometrical construction of the fermion mass hierarchy
=> non-universality of KK graviton/gauge boson couplings
Fermion mass hierarchy
in the warped extra dim.

14. K->pnn in a warped extra dimension model
Flavor changing Z coupling
The flavor mixing is CKM-type
exists at the the tree level..
M.Blanke, A.J.Buras, B.Duling, K.Gemmler and S.Gori, 2008

15. [2] T violation in K decays
T-odd triple vector product
A window to new physics.
Small contribution from the KM phase
Small and calculable effects of QED final state interaction

16. Effective four fermion interaction
The transverse polarization needs interference between the SM four fermion
term and new contributions and a relative phase between them.

17. Three Higgs doublet model
Yukawa couplings
Charged Higgs boson mixing
Charged Higgs boson coupling s u m n W

18. Keeping only the lighter charged Higgs contribution,
Present constraint from B(B->tn) at B factory experiments
Present KEK-E246 limit.

19. Future improvement on the bound of the RHS.
LHC charged Higgs boson search
Borrowing from the MSSM
heavy Higgs boson search study
Super B Factory (~50/ab) with B-> tn and B-> Dtn measurements
can reach a similar sensitivity for tanb/mH.
Transverse tau polarization can be also determined at Super B Factory.
Rough estimate is
T violation processes will become important if LHC find a charged Higgs boson
but not SUSY.

20. [3] Lepton Flavor Violation
No lepton flavor violation (LFV) in the Standard Model.
LFV in charged lepton
processes is negligibly small for a simple seesaw　neutrino model.

21. Three muon LFV processes
Back to back emission of a positron
and a photon with an energy of a half
of the muon mass.
Nucleus
A monochromatic energy electron emission for
the coherent mu-e transition.
Muon in 1s state

22. Experimental bounds Process Current Near future (Ti)
Current bounds on tau LFV processes (t->mg,t->3m,t->mh, etc.) are
0(10-8)-0(10-7) .

23. Comparison of three processes
If the photon penguin process is dominated, there are simple relations among
these branching ratios.
In many case of SUSY modes, this is true, but there is an important case
In which these relations do not hold.

24. Slepton flavor mixing g-2: the diagonal term EDM: complex phases
In SUSY models, LFV processes are
induced by the off-diagonal terms
in the slepton mass matrixes
g-2: the diagonal term
EDM: complex phases
LFV: the off-diagonal term
Off-diagonal terms depend on how SUSY breaking is generated and
what kinds of LFV interactions exist at the GUT scale.

25. m -> e g branching ratio (typical example)
SUSY Seesaw model
B(m->.eg) ~10-14  B(mN->eN) ~10-16
slepton mass =170 GeV
MR=4X1014 GeV
10-14
Slepton mass
=3TeV
MR=1014GeV
T.Goto, Y.Okada,T.Shindou,M.Tanaka, 2007
J.Hisano and D.Nomura,2000

26. SUSY seesaw with a large tan b
R.Kitano,M.Koike,S.Komine, and Y.Okada, 2003
SUSY loop diagrams can generate
a LFV Higgs-boson coupling
for large tan b cases. (K.Babu, C.Kolda,2002) s m e
The heavy Higgs-boson exchange provides
a new contribution of a scalar type.
Higgs-exchange contribution
Photon-exchange contribution

27. mu-e conversion rate normalized at Al.
R.Kitano, M.Koike and Y.Okada. 2002 As Sb Ti Al Pb
Z dependence of the mu-e conversion rate is different for dipole,
scalar and vector LFV interactions.

28. Ratio of the branching ratios and Z-dependence of mu-e conversion rates
mu-e conversion is enhanced.
Z-dependence indicates the scalar exchange contribution.

29. Little Higgs Model with T-parity a talk by M.Blanke at CERN meeting

30. Neutrino mass generation at TeV scale and LFV
Although the simple seesaw or Dirac neutrino model predicts too small branching ratios for the charged lepton LFV, other models of neutrino mass generation can induce observable effects if there is a new source of lepton flavor mixing at TeV scale,
Examples
SUSY seesaw model (F.Borzumati and A.Masiero 1986)
Neutrino mass from the warped extra dimension (R.Kitano,2000)
Triplet Higgs model (E.J.Chun, K.Y.Lee,S.C.Park; N.Kakizaki,Y.Ogura, F.Shima, 2003)
Left-right symmetric model (V.Cirigliano, A.Kurylov, M.J.Ramsey-Musolf, P.Vogel, 2004)
m->3e
m-e conv
m ->eg
H++

31. m->eg and m->3e asymmetries
Triplet Higgs model
N.Kakizaki,Y.Ogura, F.Shima
LR symmetric model
m->eg and m->3e asymmetries
A(m->eee)
V.Cirigliano, A.Kurylov, M.J.Ramsey-Musolf, P.Vogel,
A.Akeroyd, M.Aoki and Y.Okada,2006

32. Comparison of three muon processes in various new physics models
SUSY GUT/Seesaw
B( m->e g ) >> B(m->3e) ~B(mN-eN)
Various asymmetries in polarized m decays
SUSY with large tan b
B( m->e g ) > B(mN-eN) > B(m->3e)
Z-dependence in m-e conv. branching ratio
Triplet Higgs for neutrino
B(m->3e) >> B(m->eg) ~B(mN-eN )
or B(m->3e) ~ B(m->eg) ~B(mN-eN)
RL model
B(m->3e) >> B(m->eg) ~B(mN-eN) in generic cases. Asymmetry in m->3e
Little Higgs model with T parity
0.01< B(mN->eN)/B(m->eg) <100
B(m->3e) ~ B(m->eg)

33. Summary LHC will open a new era of particle physics.
There are many possibilities concerning how new physics effects appear in various indirect processes.
Tree vs. Loops
New sources of flavor mixings and CPV vs. MFV
Kaon CP and T violation/ rare decays and muon LFV processes provide good opportunities to explore different cases of new physics candidates.