1. Morphologic and Functional Markers of Aortopathy in Patients With Bicuspid Aortic Valve Insufficiency Versus Stenosis 
Evaldas Girdauskas, MD, PhD, Mina Rouman, MD, Kushtrim Disha, MD, Beatrix Fey, MD, Georg Dubslaff, MD, Yskert von Kodolitsch, MD, PhD, Hermann Reichenspurner, MD, PhD, Michael A. Borger, MD, PhD, Thomas Kuntze, MD 
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 
Volume 103, Issue 1, Pages (January 2017)
DOI: /j.athoracsur
Copyright © 2017 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

2. Fig 1
Four distinct proximal aortic phenotypes as identified by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. (A) Normal aorta phenotype: all aortic diameters were less than 22 mm/m2 of body surface area and nonindexed aortic diameters were less than 40 mm. (B) Predominant aortic root dilatation: maximal aortic dilatation at the level of the sinuses of Valsalva exceeding 22 mm/m2 or 40 mm in maximal diameter. (C) Mid ascending aorta phenotype: maximal aortic diameters at the level of the mid ascending tubular aorta and exceeding 22 mm/m2 or 40 mm in maximal diameter. (D) Distal ascending/aortic arch phenotype: maximal dimensions at the level of distal ascending aorta or proximal aortic arch exceeded 22 mm/m2 or 40 mm.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , 49-57DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2017 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

3. Fig 2
Two different cusp fusion patterns in patients with bicuspid aortic valve disease: (A) right/noncoronary cusp fusion and (B) right/left cusp fusion.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , 49-57DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2017 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

4. Fig 3
Measurement of angle left ventricle (LV)/aorta on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. (A) Large angle between the LV outflow axis and the aortic root (ie, angle LV/Aorta 68°). (B) Small angle between the LV outflow axis and the aortic root (ie, angle LV/Aorta 35°).
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , 49-57DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2017 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

5. Fig 4
Histologic sum score in bicuspid aortic valve subgroups with aortic stenosis (BAV-AS) vs aortic insufficiency (BAV-AI). The bold horizontal line in the box indicates the mean; the top and bottom borders of the box mark SD, and the whiskers mark the range.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , 49-57DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2017 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

6. Fig 5
Two-dimensional phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging shows propagation of transvalvular flow in patients with bicuspid aortic valve (A) stenosis vs (B) insufficiency shown.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , 49-57DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2017 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions