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The Skeleton: The New Controller of Male Fertility?

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1 The Skeleton: The New Controller of Male Fertility?
Lee B. Smith, Philippa T.K. Saunders  Cell  Volume 144, Issue 5, Pages (March 2011) DOI: /j.cell Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

2 Figure 1 Hormonal Integration of the Skeleton and Testis
Testosterone (T) biosynthesis takes place within Leydig cells (identified here by immunostaining for 3β-HSD, an enzyme that is involved in androgen biosynthesis), located within the interstitial compartment of the testis. Testosterone also acts as a pro-hormone for biosynthesis of estrogens (E); both hormones have been implicated in regulation of bone turnover. Leydig cells express G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that bind the endocrine hormones luteinizing hormone (Lhcgr) and osteocalcin (Gprc6a). Luteinizing hormone (LH) is synthesized and secreted by the pituitary gland and the latter produced by bone osteoblasts. Stimulation of both GPCRs results in increased concentrations of intracellular cAMP and increased expression of key regulators of the steroidogenic pathway. Secretion of LH is subject to negative feedback regulation by testosterone and estrogens. Testosterone, acting via androgen receptors expressed in somatic cells, but not germ cells, plays a critical role in the regulation of male fertility. Cell  , DOI: ( /j.cell ) Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

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