1. Struggle for Ratification:
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Struggle for Ratification:
Final approval needed 9 states to approve before the new constitution would go into effect!

2. What were the arguments for and against the ratification of the Constitution?
Who were the leading Federalists and Anti-Federalists in the pivotal ratification debate in Virginia?

3. Elements of Federalist and Anti-Federalist thought are reflected in contemporary political debate on issues such as the size and role of government, federalism, and the protection of individual rights.

4. The Federalist Position: (pro-ratification)
The Federalists favored a strong national government that shared some power with the states.
A strong central government could promote economic development and public improvements.
Today those who see a primary role for the federal government in solving national problems are heirs to this tradition!

5. Key Federalists Were: George Washington- “The Man”!
Alexander Hamilton-
Financial wiz and first Secretary of Treasury
James Madison-
Father of the Constitution
The Federalist Papers were a series of essays written by Madison, Jay and Hamilton to explain the Constitution and urge ratification.
John Jay-
First Chief Justice of the Supreme Court

6. Anti-Federalists: (opposed ratification)
The Anti-Federalists feared an overly powerful central government destructive of the rights of individuals and the prerogatives of the states.
They demanded a bill of rights be added to the Constitution.
Today more conservative thinkers echo these concerns and champion liberty, individual initiative, and free markets.

7. The Key Anti-Federalists:
Richard Henry Lee-
He proposed the resolution to declare Independence at the Second Continental Congress!
George Mason-
Authored the Virginia Declaration of Rights
Patrick Henry-
“Give me liberty, or give me death!”

8. A NEW GOVERNMENT The Constitution was ratified in 1788.
The Federalists promised to add a bill of rights as their first order of business.
Elections were held and the government was inaugurated in 1789 in the new capital, New York.

9. Legacies:
Ratification of the Constitution did not end debate on governmental power or how to create “a more perfect union.”
Economic, regional, social, ideological, religious, and political tensions spawned continuing debates over the meaning of the Constitution for generations—a debate that continues today.
The Constitution and the Bill of Rights gave Americans a blueprint for successful self-government that has become a model for the rest of the world!