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1 CISC106 Basics: Web site: httpS://www.eecis.udel.edu/~yarringt/106/
All assignments and information is posted on web site All assignments must be submitted via CANVAS All labs and homeworks due Mondays at midnight unless otherwise noted

2 Computers What’s a computer? Hardware Software Data And people

3 Basics: Data All data stored in a computer is in the form of a sequence of 0s and 1s. BINARY: System of counting using only 1s and 0s

4 Data bits bytes 1/0 - hold a positive/negative charge. 8 bits
A positive charge = switch on (or 1) A negative charge = switch off (or 0) bytes 8 bits One byte holds one number (or character) Think of a byte as eight switches

5 Size (Space) Kilobyte Megabyte Gigabyte Terabyte Petabyte Exabyte
~1000 bytes (thousand bytes) Megabyte ~1,000,000 bytes (million bytes) Gigabyte ~1,000,000,000 bytes (billion bytes) Terabyte ~1,000,000,000,000 bytes (trillion bytes) Petabyte ~1,000,000,000,000,000 bytes (quadrillion bytes) Exabyte ~1,000,000,000,000,000,000 bytes (quintillion bytes)

6 Hardware: CPU: RAM Calculator – does ALL the main calculations
Measured in Hertz cycles/sec instructions/sec RAM memory that holds instructions (FOR CPU) Not so big – we must manage the space on memory Class 3: Go over Ram Again

7 Hardware: Other: Cache Hard Drive Motherboard
memory that holds instructions we think the CPU will want next Holds them close to CPU Hard Drive stores data and software Motherboard Board on which all main hardware is located and connected Class 2: Finished this slide

8 CPU’s JOB (with a program)
does the following: Read instructions and data from memory (e.g., RAM) Put Data back in memory (after instruction is executed) Add Subtract Multiply Divide Compare two values (>, <, =) TR 12:30 – stopped here

9 Hardware <-> Software
CPU only understands instructions written in machine language Strings of1s and 0s We don’t write programs in 1s and 0s! Although technically we could.

10 Software Set of instructions (This is what you get to write!!!)
Written in High-level languages Closer to our language E.g., Can create powerful and complex programs without knowing how the CPU works (This is what you get to write!!!)

11 Software Everything a computer does is controlled by software (set of instructions) Special Software: Operating System Software that has instructions for how other software should communicate with hardware

12 Running a program High-Level Language (what we write) is translated into Machine Language (what the CPU understands and can execute) Done by a compiler or an interpreter

13 Compilers & Interpreters
translates a high-level language program into a machine language program print(“Hello earthlings”) -> compiler -> etc. Machine program can be run at any time (without reusing compiler) Don’t need the code to rerun the program Interpreter is a program that both translates and executes the instructions in a high-level language program Must be translated to machine language each time

14 Python Is a High Level Language Python interpreter:
A program that reads Python code statements and executes them (we’ll be using this) Python compiler: A program that reads python programs and translates the entire thing to an executable, machine-language module that you can install and run WITHOUT having to have the software instructions available

15 Why Python? Great for interfacing one program to another Free!
Used in industry –Google, ILM, NASA…. Easy to get started with Lots of “libraries” (add-ons) that do things like sound editing, computational biology, Web database access….. One disadvantage: a bit slower than certain other languages (less efficient) Python was created in early 1990s. It is relatively new, yet relatively old. It is relatively new, so it learned from older comptuer languages, learned what works well and what does not. So It has nice features, avoids pitfalls. It is also relatively mature, in the sense, it has been widely tested, used, developed.

16 Python: Python Facts: Named after… Is a “high level language”
Monty Python So you’ll see many references to spam, etc. Is a “high level language” Closer to human language than machine language Is powerful Has all the power of modern programming languages GUI Is Object-Oriented Can be integrated into other languages Runs on everything


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