1. What is “ Matter ” ? -Anything that has mass and occupies space
-Makes up everything around us
Examples:
You
Trees
Your dog
Clouds
Drinks
A penny
The sun
Stamos

2. That’s great, but what is matter made from?
-Matter is made from Elements
What on earth is an “element?”
-Substances that cannot be reduced to simpler substances
-Most occur naturally
-One or more come together to form all matter
EXAMPLES
By themselves
Together with others
Caribiner: (Al)
Caffeine:
(C8 H10 N4 O2)

3. Again, that’s super, but what are elements made from?
-Combinations of similar atoms give elements
their unique characteristics. For example, helium
atoms are what make up helium
-Atoms are the smallest components or building blocks
of matter (really, really, really small!)
How small are they?
Well, how many atoms do you think there are in……..
….A single grain of sand?
….You?
7,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
720,000,000,000,000,000,000

4. Obviously, we cannot see atoms because they are so incredibly small…
( meter )
……But if we could, what would they look like?

5. The important parts: Nucleus – the “center” of the atom
Protons – have a positve (+) electrical
charge and make up part of
the nucleus
Neutrons – have no electrical charge
(neutral) and are bound to
the nucleus along with
protons.
Electrons – have a negative electrical
charge (-) and orbit the
nucleus while spinning

6. What is Temperature?
What does the word “temperature” really mean for scientists?
What are the effects of temperature on matter?

7. Temperature: How do we increase energy?
The measure of the average energy of particles in a substance.
Exactly how much or how little
Not one, but all
Matter (solid, liquid or gas)
Ability to do work (move)
Small bits, Atoms
* Increase in energy
Increase in temperature
Increase in movement
How do we increase energy?
Hint: how do we make things warm in our everyday lives?

8. We can make particles move (add energy) in three main ways:
Direct Heat
Electricity
Chemical Reaction

9. ? ? When energy moves it is called “heat”.
Heat is the transfer of energy from one object to another.
But……….In what direction does energy flow? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

10. When particles speed up or slow down (their average energy changes) enough, changes in states may occur in the matter they make up.
Solids
Gases
May turn to…
May turn to…
Liquids
Liquids
May turn to…
May turn to…
Gases (or plasma)
Solids

11. E x t r e m e s !
Very very cold: Particles slow down and eventually stop
Absolute zero is defined as being precisely 0 K and – °C. Absolute zero is where all motion in the particles comprising matter ceases and they are at complete rest. At absolute zero, matter contains no heat energy. .
Very very hot: Particles speed up and may become excited
When enough energy is added to matter, electrons are stripped away from their atoms. Plasma consists of free moving electrons and ions.

12. TASK:
“Depict how atoms are arranged and how they move within solids, liquids and gases and plasmas”
Grading / Requirements:
___________________________________________________
5pts. Show the 4 states of matter
5pts. Depict the atoms or molecules in those states
5pts. Properly label all parts (including a title!)
5pts. Include an appropriate amount
of information covered in class (qualities, energy, movement, etc.)
5pts. End product should be neat and
organized
5pts. Work should reflect appropriate use of class time
Total available points: 30
Textbook support: