1. Soviet Union Under Stalin
Chapter 13
Section 4

2. Stalin’s 5 year Plans 1928 – proposed first “five-year plan”
Build heavy industry
Improve transportation
Increase farm output
Became a command economy
Set high production goals
Given bonuses if goal reached
Punished if not

3. Results Production of goods grew, but not quality
Standard of living remained low
Wages low, forbidden to strike
Few consumer goods
Inefficient distribution of goods
441

4. Agriculture
Wanted all farmers on state-owned farms or part of collectives
Collectives
Peasants owned/operated land as group
Government provided tractors, fertilizers, seed, and education of better techniques
State set prices, controlled supplies
Farmers could keep personal belongings from their old farms, but had to turn over their tools and animals to the collective

5. Agriculture Farmers resisted Stalin furious
Killed their farm animals (a quarter of the nations livestock lost)
Destroyed their tools
Burned their crops
Stalin furious

6. Agriculture Stalin blamed Kulaks Began de-kulakization
Death, labor camps, or Siberia
Thousands killed

7. Agriculture Peasants still resisted Terror Famine (Holodomor)
1932 – Farmers, particularly in Ukraine, unable to meet high quotas
Government took all, leaving farmers to starve
5-8 million die in Ukraine alone (some resort to cannibalism)

8. Terror Tactics
Secret Police rounded up critics and sent them to the Gulag
Great Purge (1934)
Secret Police rounded up anyone deemed a possible threat to his power
Targeted Old Bolsheviks
Held “show trials”
442

9. Great Purge
Eventually almost all of the Bolsheviks who had played prominent roles during the Russian Revolution of 1917, or in Lenin's Soviet government afterwards, were executed. Out of six members of the original Politburo during the 1917 October Revolution who lived until the Great Purge, Stalin himself was the only one who remained in the Soviet Union, alive. Four of the other five were executed. The fifth, Leon Trotsky, went into exile in Mexico after being expelled from the Party but was assassinated by Soviet agent Ramón Mercader in Of the seven members elected to the Politburo between the October Revolution and Lenin's death in 1924, four were executed, one (Tomsky) committed suicide and two (Molotov and Kalinin) lived. Of 1,966 delegates to the 17th Communist Party Congress in 1934 (the last congress before the trials), 1,108 were arrested and nearly all died.

10. Nikolai Yezhov, head of the secret police during the height of the Great Purge, was eventually purged himself—even from historical photos

11. Cult of Personality

13. Russification
Russians appointed to high-ranking positions in non-Russian SSRs
Required Russian to be used in schools and business

14. Religion Communism attempted to replace religion
Atheism becomes official state policy
Russian Orthodox Church targeted for having supported the Tsar
15 Roman Catholic priests tried for teaching religion to the young, a counterrevolutionary activity
Jewish synagogues seized, Hebrew outlawed

15. New Elite Communist Party members at head of society
Followed by industrial managers, military leaders, scientists, some artists and writers
445

16. Foreign Policy Conflicting policies
1919 – Lenin formed Comintern to encourage world-wide revolution
However, joined League of Nations
447