1. AIM: How did the War of 1812 impact U.S. development?
Madison and Monroe
AIM: How did the War of 1812 impact U.S. development?

2. I. U.S. Attempts at Neutrality
"It is our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world..."
. "...avoid the necessity of those overgrown military establishments, which, under any form of government, are inauspicious to liberty, and which are to be regarded as particularly hostile to Republican Liberty."
Washington’s Farewell Address

3. Rights of Neutrals!!!!!! Proclamation of Neutrality 1793
Washington’s Farewell Address
Jay’s Treaty 1794
Problems remaining neutral:
French British
Citizen Genet Affair Chesapeake Affair
XYZ Affair Impressment

4. E. Chesapeake-Leopard Affair- 1807
1.U.S. Chesapeake overtaken by HMS Leopard.
British attempt to board and search for deserters.
Fire on Chesapeake and “impressed” four deserters.
U.S. Reaction:

5. F. Jefferson’s Attempt at Neutrality
Embargo Act: Self Imposed prohibition of trade to get Britain and France to honor neutrality
Impact:
a. US Exports fall from 138 to 22 million.
b. Imports 138 to 56 million
c. Port cities, plantations and farmers all hurt.

6. G. Non-Intercourse Act - 1809
Replaces Embargo Act
Permitted exports to all nations except Britain and France
Would renew trade with either if they reverse policy toward U.S.
Impact:

7. II. Causes of War: “America’s Second Revolution 1812-1814

8. A. Causes 1. Free Seas and Trade: a. Impressment
b. Chesapeake –Leopard Affair
c. Barbary Pirates (Somalia)

9. 2. Frontier Pressures - Tecumseh

10. War Hawks: Young southerners and westerners in Congress wanted to defend their honor
Some Americans wanted British Canada

11. B. The War 1812-1814 U.S. unprepared for war.
Burning of Washington D.C.
U.S. Victories
a. Great Lakes
b. Battle of New Orleans – Andrew Jackson fame

12. Gilbert Stuart Portrait of Washington

13. Star Spangled Banner by Francis Scott Key

14. 4. Hartford Convention – December 1814
N.E. Federalists believed war aided Napoleon against British
Opposed war by refusing to pay taxes, boycotting war loans, refusal to furnish troops
Constitutional Amendments to restrict power to wage war, regulate commerce, repeal 3/5ths compromise, one term presidency.
Threaten SECESSION!

15. C. Results Treaty of Ghent – 1814 a. Status Quo Ante Bellum
Federalist party never recovered from its opposition to the war in Hartford Convention.
Inspired Patriotism and nationalism
Embargo and Non Intercourse encourage manufacturing in U.S.
5. Destroyed the Indians' ability to resist American expansion east of the Mississippi River. .

16. III. Monroe Administration (Dem-Rep)
Foreign Policy
1. Secretary of State: John Quincy Adams
2. Rush-Bagot Treaty-1817
a. U.S. and GB agree to limit war ships on the Great Lakes

17. Treaty of 1818: Boundary b/w US & Canada, joint occupation of OR

18. 4. Adams-Onis Treaty: Spain cedes FL and
4. Adams-Onis Treaty: Spain cedes FL and land north of 42 Latitude, “Continental Empire” Why?

19. 5. Monroe Doctrine - 1823 Historical Context:
Napolean defeated at Battle of Waterloo
Congress of Vienna – Europe looking to colonize in Western Hemisphere and Africa

20. No further colonization in the Western Hemisphere by Europe
Restates U.S. neutrality
Desire to influence events in the Western Hemisphere
Supported by Great Britain Why?

21. B. Domestic Policy “Era of Good Feelings” a. Growth of nationalism
b. Death of the Federalist Party
c. Misnomer: sectional issues flare

22. 2. Henry Clay’s American System
North: Manufactured Goods
South: Crops/cotton = Self
Sufficiency
West: Crops

23. Internal Improvements 1. National Road from MD to IL
Protective Tariff of 1816-to protect budding US factories from British imports
Internal Improvements
1. National Road from MD to IL
2. Canal System ex. Erie Canal 1823
Second Bank of United States – 1817
1. McCullough v. Maryland 1819

24. d. Political Realignment
Support Tariff Support Internal Improvements Support the Bank Oppose extension of slavery into the territories Former Federalists and some former Dem-Rep Whigs
Against tariff Against federal gov’t paying for internal improvements See the Bank as unconstitutional Support state’s rights and slavery Former Dem-Rep Democrats

25. 3. Issue of Slavery
Problem: settlement west leads to creation of new states

26. b. Missouri Compromise 1820

27. MO added as slave state
ME added as free state
Line drawn at 36’ 30
– slavery prohibited north of this line
--slavery allowed south of line