1. Animal Reproduction

2. Asexual Reproduction
A type of reproduction that only involves one parent
Offspring are genetically identical to the parent because the parent is making exact copies of itself
Does not involve the fusion of sex cells (gametes)

3. Asexual Reproduction:
Pros
Cons
Fast
Do not need a mate
Requires little energy
Many offspring
Less genetic variability
In poor conditions many or most will die off
Vulnerable to disturbance
Slows evolution

4. Sexual Reproduction
Involves the union of reproductive cells (gametes) from two different parents, called fertilization and results in the formation of a zygote
The union of the two gametes is called fertilization
Offspring are genetically unique from either parent

5. Sexual reproduction: Pros Cons Genetic diversity among offspring
Allows for evolution (ability to adapt)
Higher survival rate
Recombination can disrupt successful adaptations
Huge amount of energy required to make gametes
Requires more time
Reliance on a mate

6. Asexual Reproduction in Animals
Fission
The division of a single parent cell into two new daughter cells of equal size

7. Asexual Reproduction in Animals
Fragmentation
the breaking of the body into multiple parts with subsequent regeneration
For example, if the arm of an individual sea star is broken off it will regenerate a new sea star

8. Asexual Reproduction in Animals
Budding
the outgrowth of a part of a cell or body region leading to a separation from the original organism into two individuals
In hydras, a bud forms that develops into an adult, which breaks away from the main body

9. Asexual Reproduction in Animals
Parthenogenesis
An egg develops into a complete individual without being fertilized
Parthenogenesis occurs in invertebrates such as water fleas, rotifers, aphids, stick insects, some ants, wasps, and bees.

10. Asexual Reproduction in Animals
Bees use parthenogenesis to produce haploid males (drones) and diploid females (workers or queen).
The queen bee controls the reproduction of the hive bees to regulate the type of bee produced.

11. Asexual Reproduction in Animals
Some vertebrates can also reproduce through parthenogenesis including reptiles (lizards, snakes), fish (sharks), and amphibians (tiger salamander)