1. Metabolic reprogramming in the hypoxic microenvironmentThis figure shows the metabolic processes that are upregulated in response to hypoxia and the therapeutic drugs that target these processes, which are in clinical trials (highlighted in white boxes).
Metabolic reprogramming in the hypoxic microenvironmentThis figure shows the metabolic processes that are upregulated in response to hypoxia and the therapeutic drugs that target these processes, which are in clinical trials (highlighted in white boxes). Proteins in red have increased expression or activity in hypoxia. Arrows in red denote increased flux in hypoxia. ALDOA, aldolase A; CA, carbonic anhydrase; CD36, fatty acid translocase; DCA, dichloroacetate; ENO1, enolase 1; FABP, fatty acid binding protein; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate dehydrogenase; GLUT, glucose transporter; GYS1, glycogen synthase; HK, hexokinase; HIF, hypoxia‐inducible factor; IDH2, isocitrate dehydrogenase 2; LDHA, lactate dehydrogenase A; MCT, monocarboxylate transporter; NHE1, sodium hydrogen antiporter 1; PDH, pyruvate dehydrogenase; PDK1, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1; PFK, phosphofructokinase; PFKFBP, phosphofructokinase bisphosphatase; PGK1, phosphoglycerate kinase 1; PGM, phosphoglycerate mutase; PKM2, pyruvate kinase M2; PYGL, liver glycogen phosphorylase.
Alan McIntyre, and Adrian L Harris EMBO Mol Med. 2015;7:
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