1. Anti-Inflammatory activity of the Hexane and Ethyl Acetate extract of Leaves Of Hura Crepitans Opeyemi Avoseh*a, Tayo Ogundajoa, Omolara Ogunbajoa & Isiaka Ogunwandea a Natural Product Research Group, Chemistry Department, Lagos State University.

2. Outline Introduction Background study Methodology Results Conclusion
References

3. INTRODUCTION Hura crepitans is also known as sandbox tree,possumwood.
It is commonly planted in the cities and villages of the south western part of Nigeria.
The juice of Hura crepitans contains a volatile colorless liquid called “Hurin’’.
Secondary metabolites or phytochemical present in plant impart physiological characteristics
The effect are useful as medicinal purposes for animals and humans.
They can be extracted from several plant organs.
Some fatty oils includes Capric, Lauric, Myristic, Palmitic, Behenic, Lignoceric, Palmitoleic, Oleic, Linoleic and Linolenic
Fig. 1. The leaves and flowers of Hura crepitans

4. 6,20-epoxy-lathyrol bertyadionol
Kanzo Sakata et al, (1971).

5. INFLAMMATION MECHANISM; ACUTE AND CHRONIC
Inflammations
INFLAMMATION MECHANISM; ACUTE AND CHRONIC
Inflammation is the immune response of tissues due to bodily injury. Clinical characteristics of acute inflammation include pain, heat, swelling, and redness at the site of the injury. Inflammation may also involve loss of function of the involved tissues. This type of acute inflammation is normally a localized, protective response following trauma or infection. However, if the agent causing the inflammation persists for a prolonged period of time, the inflammation becomes chronic. Chronic inflammation can result from a viral or microbial infection, environmental antigen (e.g., pollen), autoimmune reaction, or persistent activation of inflammatory molecules.Rheumatoid arthritis (rue-ma-TOYD arth-write-tis) is a chronic disease, mainly characterized by inflammation of the lining, or synovium, of the joints. It can lead to long-term joint damage, resulting in chronic pain, loss of function and disability.
RA is a common chronic disease that affects about 1% of the world populationref.
Gibofsky A. Overview of epidemiology, pathophysiology, and diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. Am J Manag Care 2012;18:S
Fig. 2. Mechanism of pain and inflammations

6. Edema development is a three-phase event –
Phase 1 (0–2nd h); release of histamine and serotonin in the initial phase cytokines,
Phase 2- in the second phase (3rd h);
Phase 3- Release of prostaglandins (>4 h) (Petr Marsik , et al, 2005.).

7. Research question and aim
The wide distribution of H. crepitans had resulted in its general use as a complimentary anti-inflammatory herbs of which validity is still questionable. An evidenced-based analysis is thus essential.
Aim:
To prepare solvent extracts of H. crepitans
Evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential using an animal model
Profer if possible a commercially viable concoction for treatment

8. METHODOLOGY Plant Collection and preparation:
Fresh leaves of Hura crepitans were collected from Festac Town, Amuwo-odofin in Lagos identified, dried and pulverised.
Sequential solvent extraction were done using Hexane, Dichloromethane and ethyl acetate.
Animal model selection (Vasuden, M. et al, 2007 )
Preparation of Phlogistic agents
Inflammation analysis
(Avoseh, et al, 2014)
Fig. 3 Albumin induced inflammation in wistar rat

9. RESULTS EXTRACTION Extracts Physical nature % yield Hexane
Brownish slurry
7.2
Ethyl acetate
Thick sticky blackish
15.1

10. Anti-inflammation activity of the extracts
Fig. 4. Anti-inflammatory effects of the essential oil of Hura Crepitans (HC): HCOOHEX = Hura crepitans hexane extracts. HCOOEA = Hura Crepitans Ethyl acetate extracts Each bar signifies mean ± S.E.M for 5 rats. *=p <0.05, **=p <0.01, compared to control.

11. Conclusion
The use of Hura crepitans as inflammation remedy had been justified from the Anti-inflammatory studies
The inhibition is time dependent, suggesting that a prolonged use of the extract increases its anti- inflammatory ability
Inhibition of the inflammation mediators at the molecular level should be carried out.
Chromatographic isolation should be carried out.

12. Acknowledgement Special thanks to God Almighty
Chemistry department entirely
Dr. I. A. Ogunwande
My Natural Product research group, Lasu.

13. References
Kanzo Sakata, Kazuyoshi Kawazu & Tetsuo Mitsui (1971) Studies on a Piscicidal Constituent of Hura crepitans, Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, 35:13,
Vasudevan, M., Gunman, K.K., Parle, M.(2007). Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of Thespesia pop- ulnea bark extract. J. Ethnopharma-col .,109:
Avoseh, Opeyemi N., Oyedeji Ope-oluwa O., Aremu Kayode, Nkeh-Chungag, Benedicta N., Songca Sandile P., Oluwafemi Samuel O., and Oyedeji. Adebola. O. Chemical composition and anti-inflammatory activities of the essential oils from Acacia mearnsii de Wild. Nat. Prod. Res. 1–5 (2014).

14. THANK YOU