1. SSA Review 10
Organization
&
Development

2. Part 1 - Cell Theory Cell Theory - states that:
1 - all living organisms are composed of cells (single or multi-cellular),
2 - all cells come from pre-existing cells, and
3 - cells are the basic unit of life.

3. 1 – All living things are composed of cells
Unicellular – made of 1 cell only
*Prokaryote (no nucleus)

4. 1 – All living things are composed of cells
Multi-cellular
*Eukaryote (with a nucleus)

6. 2 – All cells come from pre-existing cells
*Asexual reproduction – single cell organism’s cell splits to form offspring
*Sexual reproduction – parent cells (male and female) unite to create new offspring

7. 2 – All cells come from pre-existing cells
Mitosis- the process where the nucleus of a cell divides to create 2 new cells
- each contains an identical copy of DNA

8. 2 – All cells come from pre-existing cells
Meiosis- the process where one cell divides into 4 different cells (each with different genetic material)

9. 3 – Cells are the basic unit of life
*In unicellular organisms, the cell is the organism.
*In multi-cellular organisms, cells combine to form tissues, which combine to form organs, which combine to form organ systems, which combine to form the organism

10. Part 2 - Cell Structure & Function

12. Cell wall – Plant Cell ONLY
*Provides extra support for the plant cell and gives it a shape
*It's like taking a water balloon and putting it in a cardboard box (cell wall)
Elodea
Picture of Lily Parenchyma cell. The cell wall which provides a rigid structure is in green.

13. Cell membrane (Plant and Animal Cells)
*Holds the cell organelles and fluid inside
*Controls what materials enter and leave a cell.
Animal Cell
Plant Cell

14. Nucleus (Plant and Animal Cells)
*Acts like the brain of the cell, directing activity, and making new cells
*Contains the cell’s genetic material (DNA) including the chromosomes.
Animal Cell
Plant Cell

15. Mitochondria (Plant and Animal Cells)
*Uses oxygen to transform the energy in food for the cell to use.
*Sometimes called the “powerhouse” of the cell
Animal Cell
Plant Cell

16. Vacuoles (Plant and Animal Cells)
*stores nutrients or waste.
Animal Cell
Plant Cell

17. Chloroplast- Plant Cell Only
*Where photosynthesis takes place
*They create sugars, and release oxygen into the air

18. Cytoplasm (Plant and Animal Cells)
*Suspends the organelles inside the cell (jelly-like substance)
Animal Cell
Plant Cell

19. 3. Organizational Structure

20. Levels of Organization in the Human Body
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ Systems
Organism (Human body)

22. 1. Cells – the smallest part of a living organism
*function – tells parts of the body what they are and what to do
Examples
Blood Cells
Skin Cells
Nerve Cells

23. 2. Tissue - A group of similar cells that work together to perform the same function.
Types of Tissues

24. Eyes Brain Heart Stomach Lungs
3. Organ - Structures inside the body that perform a function (job) for the body.
Eyes
Brain
Heart
Stomach
Lungs

25. Muscular System Skeletal System Digestive System Nervous System
4. Organ system - A group of organs that work together to perform a bodily function.
Muscular System
Skeletal System
Digestive System
Nervous System
Circulatory System
Excretory System
Respiratory System
Immune System
Reproductive System

26. 5. Organism – the entire person

27. *How do organ systems work together to make the body function properly?

28. *The muscles make the bones move, so the body is able to move

29. *The blood cells move food nutrients to all the cells throughout the body.

30. *The blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to all cells in the body, and CO2 from the cells back to the lungs

31. *The nervous system/brain sends signals to the muscles that make them move the bones

32. Homeostasis
*the ability of the body to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions. 
*all the body systems working together so the body functions with perfection