1. Reproduction, Mitosis, and Meiosis
Foundations to Understanding Genetics and Heredity

2. Prior Knowledge
1. What are two kinds of reproduction? 2. A(n) ________ is the most basic unit of all living things. 3. Parts of a cell are called ________. 4. A(n) ________ is an organism whose cells have a nucleus. 5. Only plant cells have a(n) ______________. 6. The genetic code required for life is called __.
Questions to Start Class

3. Prior Knowledge What are two kinds of reproduction?
Sexual reproduction & Asexual Reproduction
2. A(n) cell is the most basic unit of all living things.
3. Parts of a cell are called organelles .
4. A(n) eukaryote is an organism whose cells have a nucleus.
5. Only plant cells have a(n) Cell wall, chloroplast, vacuole.
6. The genetic code required for life is called DNA.
Questions to Start Class

4. No Reproduction and the species goes extinct.
Reproduction~ the process by which an organism produces another of the same kind.
No Reproduction and the species goes extinct.
Review Slide

5. 2 Types of Reproduction Asexual Reproduction
New organism is produced from 1 parent’s genetic material
Organisms that reproduce asexually:
Hydra, bacteria, archaea, sponges, sea stars (regrow limbs), Strawberries (runners)
Sexual Reproduction
New organism is produced from 2 parents’ genetic material
Organisms that reproduce sexually:
Plants, Mammals, Birds, Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles, Humans
Review Slide

6. 3 Types of Asexual Reproduction
Fission: division of an organism into two equal parts
Budding: an organism grows from the body of a parent.
Regeneration: a whole organism can form from one piece of the organism or body parts can be repaired when injured.
Review Slide

7. When the Cell splits end up with 2 cells of the same size and same DNA
Fission
Start with 1 cell
DNA replicates
When the Cell splits end up with 2 cells of the same size and same DNA
Review Slide

8. Budding Start with one organism
Start to grow the same organism off of the parent
Eventually grows large enough to sustain itself and breaks off as a smaller version of the parent
Review Slide

9. Regeneration Can repair/replace damaged parts through this process.
The number of individuals created depends on the type of damage done.
Think of an example where this could be useful.
Review Slide

10. Sexual Reproduction Sperm carries ½ the genetic material
Egg carries ½ genetic material
They meet to form one cell with a full set of genetic material

11. Reproduction is the foundation of Genetics and Heredity.
Genetics- The scientific study of Heredity.
Heredity- The passing of traits from parents to offspring.
New Vocabulary

12. So what else do we need to know before studying heredity…
Remember The Cell Theory:
1. Cell is the basic unit of life
2. Organisms are made up of one or more cells.
3. ***All Cells come from other cells.***
Connecting the information…Why it is important…

13. Cell Growth and Division
Cells have a life cycle too!
You have different kinds of cells that make new cells in different ways.
Body cells and Sex Cells
Cells are constantly being created to replace ones you have lost.
A cell’s life cycle includes birth, growth, development, and death.
Connecting the Information

14. The Cell Cycle Mitosis Cytokinesis Interphase
Life Cycle of a Cell….Just know that cells have a life cycle. Don’t have to know all the parts.

15. Interphase
First stage of the Cell Cycle that takes place before the cell can divide
Three things happen in Interphase:
1. Cell rapidly grows
2. Makes an exact copy of the DNA (process is called DNA replication.)
3. Prepares for cell division
1st part of a Cell’s Life Cycle.

16. Mitosis
The process of cell division that forms two new identical cells
Used for making body cells
Each nuclei has the same number and type of chromosomes as the original parent cell.
Chromosomes are structures in the nucleus that contain DNA.
Steps of Mitosis:
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
Need to know what Mitosis is, Why it is important, and What it starts with and creates. What kind of cells do Mitosis? Don’t need to know the steps.

17. Diagram of Mitosis in Animal Cell

18. Diagram of Mitosis in Plant Cells

19. Meiosis
Process of cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number
Meiosis is the way sex cells (gametes) are made.
Sperm in males
Eggs in females
2 divisions of the nucleus.
This takes one parent cell and makes 4 daughter cells that have ½ the amount of DNA as the parent.
Need to know what Meiosis is, Why it is important, and What it starts with and creates. What kind of cells do Meiosis? Don’t need to know the steps.

20. Diagram of Meiosis

21. Chromosome Vocabulary
Chromosome- structure in the nucleus that contains the DNA and proteins.
Haploid
A cell with just one chromosome from each pair
“single form”
Diploid
A cell that has two of every kind of chromosome
Think diploid-double
Most cells in your body are diploid!!

22. Mitosis Both Mitosis & Meiosis Meiosis
Homework: Create a Venn Diagram with at least 6 bullets total.
Mitosis
Both Mitosis & Meiosis
Meiosis
What is Mitosis/Meiosis? Why it is important? and What it starts with and creates? What kind of cells do Mitosis? Are the cells starting haploid/diploid? Are the cells ending haploid/diploid?

23. Review Questions What are the two types of Reproduction?
What are 3 examples of reproduction where only 1 parent is involved?
Why is mitosis important?
How do organisms make more sex cells?
Why is it important that sex cells have half the DNA of a body cell?