1. Homework #2
2. Explain how the Harlem Renaissance impacted African American Culture

2. Harlem Renaissance

3. Marcus Garvey

4. The Rural Counterattack
Rural Americans identified urban culture with Communism, crime, immorality
Progressives attempted to force reform on the American people
Upsurge of bigotry
An era of repression

5. The Fear of Radicalism 1919: “Red Scare”
Illegal roundups of innocent people
Forcible deportation of aliens
Terrorism against “radicals,” immigrants
1927: Sacco and Vanzetti executed
For a robbery Murder
They were Italian Anarchists who were found with Pistols and shotgun shells
Civil Liberties were blatantly disregarded

6. Sacco and Vanzetti

7. Monument
In 1977 MA Gov. Michael Dukakis proclaimed that Sacco and Vanzetti were wrongfully accused and sentenced

8. Prohibition
18th Amendment gives federal government power to pass Volstead Act of 1920 prohibiting production, sale, or transport of alcoholic beverages
Consumption of alcohol reduced
Prohibition resented in urban areas
Bootlegging became big business
1933: 18th amendment repealed

9. Pro-Temperance

10. What does this picture Mean?

11. Bootlegging

12. Speakeasies and flappers

13. The Ku Klux Klan 1925: Klan membership hit 5 million
Attack on urban culture, inhabitants
Defense of traditional rural values
Klan sought to win U.S. by persuasion
Violence, internal corruption resulted in Klan’s virtual disappearance by 1930

14. Re-emergence of the Klan

15. The Birth of Nation http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9t-7SVbLjBw
Just a few years earlier, this film came out glorifying the KKK
It was a major hit in theaters and prompted President Wilson (a PhD in History) to say “That was the most accurate thing I have ever seen”

16. “Creed of Klanswomen” (handout)
Document Analysis
What does the document mean by “enlightened Protestant churches”?
Does the Ku Klux Klan seem to discriminate on the basis of gender? Explain your answer.
Who are the “alien races” and “inferior peoples” that the document refers to?

17. Immigration Restriction
1924: National Origins Act
150,000 person quota on immigration
Quotas favored northern Europeans
Mexican immigrants exempted from quota

18. The Fundamentalist Challenge
Fundamentalism: Stress on traditional Protestant orthodoxy, biblical literalism
1925: Scopes Trial discredited fundamentalism among intellectuals
“Modernists” gained mainline churches
Fundamentalists strengthened grassroots appeal in new churches

19. Religious Fundamentalism
Religious fundamentalism paralleled political nativism.
Fundamentalists rejected the tenets of modern science, particularly evolution.
Five states banned its teaching in public schools.
William Jennings Bryan and Clarence Darrow squared off in a celebrated trial in Dayton, Tennessee over teaching evolution.

20. Aimee Semple McPherson

21. Charles Darwin’s Theory of Evolution

22. Darwin’s Finches

25. Anti Darwin Sentiment

26. Clarence Darrow and William Jennings Bryan

27. Scopes Monkey Trial http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1HBdyaAYoXY
Trailer-

28. Politics of the 1920s Republican party apparently dominant
Urban wing of the Democratic party emerged as the most powerful force

29. Harding, Coolidge, and Hoover
Republican presidents appealed to traditional American values
Harding scandals broke after his death- Teapot Dome Scandal
Coolidge represented America in his austerity and rectitude
Hoover represented the self-made man

30. Calvin Coolidge

31. Republican Policies Return to “normalcy”
Tariffs raised
Corporate and income taxes cut
Spending cut
Coolidge blocked Congressional aid to farmers as unwarranted interference
Government-business cooperation

32. The Perfect Crime

33. The Divided Democrats 1924: Urban-rural split weakened Democrats
Major shift in political loyalties
Democrats gained more Congressional seats than Republicans after 1922

34. The Election of 1924

35. The Election of 1928 Democrat Al Smith carried urban vote
Governor of New York
Roman Catholic
Republican Herbert Hoover won race
Midwesterner
Protestant
Religion the campaign’s decisive issue

36. Herbert Hoover

38. The Old and the New
Old historical view: The Depression ended the spirit of the twenties
New historical view: The 1920s laid the foundations of modern America