1. Trade, Towns, and Financial Revolution
Ch 14.2

2. A Growing Food Supply Warming trend between 800 and 1200. Horsepower
New farming lands developed
Horsepower
New harnesses needed, the yoke
3 field rotation vs. 2 field rotation
2 field= 1 on, 1 off
3 field= 1 summer, 1 winter, 1 off

4. Trade and Finance Expands
Population growth helped expand trade.
Fairs and trade
Most traded their goods at fairs
Cloth was the most traded commodity
Bacon, salt, honey, cheese, wine, leather, dyes, knives, and ropes were others
Guilds= association of people who worked at the same occupation
Wheelwrights, glassmakers, winemakers, tailors, and druggists
Controlled wages and prices
Agreed to standard sizes, weights, and qualities
Apprentice journeyman  gilded craftsman

8. Guilds
An association of people who worked at the same occupation

9. A Financial Revolution
Merchants made money selling their goods at fairs.
Problem: Before you make any money, you have to make the goods, which costs money. But you haven’t made any money yet.
Solution: Get a loan
Problem: The Church forbade usury, or the practice of lending money with interest.
Solution: Get loans from the Jews, who had no religious usury laws
Problem: The Jews were making money off the Christians!
Solution: The Church relaxed it usury laws.
Moral of the Story: Jesus doesn’t mind you bending the laws, as long as the Church makes money.

10. Usury
Jews were the money lenders of the Middle Ages.

11. Towns With the increase in trade, towns also grew.
The large cities of today’s Europe were small towns for 100s of years
As towns grew, so did the opportunities for success.
Many serfs and peasants ran away from their manors and headed for the city.
The burghers, or town dweller, class was born

14. Revival of Learning Universities: Not places, but people
Dante Alighieri and Geoffrey Chaucer wrote in the contemporary vernacular.
Normal people could not read or understand Latin
The could understand their vernacular, though
Muslim contributed to European learning
Thomas Aquinas bridged the gap between religion and learning.
Influenced by Aristotle
He and his friends were known as schoolmen, or scholastics

15. Thomas aquinas
He “bridged the gap” by questioning the works of Aristotle and showing what is written as faith may not be faith and what is reason, may not be reason.