1. Cal/OSHA Consultation Service 2008
Heat Illness Prevention Title 8 Section 3395
Cal/OSHA Consultation Service
2008

2. Heat Illness Prevention “Safety Basics”
POTABLE DRINKING WATER
SHADE ALLOWING THE BODY TO COOL
PREVENTATIVE RECOVERY PERIODS
EMPLOYEE/SUPERVISOR TRAINING
WRITTEN PROCEDURES

3. Enforcement Experience 25 Serious Heat-Related Illnesses May – November 2005
Agriculture 38%
Construction 29%
Service 12.5%
Transportation 12.5%
Public Safety 8%

4. What was discovered… 68% of employees spoke Spanish Ages 17 to 76 yrs
84% of cases involved outdoor work
92% of work was moderate  strenuous
46% of cases happened the 1st day on the job
36% required hospitalization for more than 24hrs
54% of cases resulted in death of the employees

5. Environmental & Physiological Factors
Average
Ambient air temperature 96º F ( º F)
Humidity 29% (12% - 55%)
Wind speed 7mph
Core body temperature 104º F ( º F)

6. Worksite Conditions Potable water present - 100% of cases
Shade available - 77% of cases
80% of employers had a written IIPP
20% had written Heat Illness Prevention Policy
36% had an Emergency Action Plan

7. Worksite Conditions
Heat Wave - a sudden and temporary rise of temperature above the seasonal average for a particular region, which last for a prolonged period of time
Greatly increases the risk of heat illnesses

8. Heat Wave Impact Temps/Day/Date/Cases
Mon
Sun
Tue
Sat
Historical Temp
from UC IPM CIMIS
Note: Direct Relationship Between Temps and Number of Reported Cases
84% of the Cases Occurred During the July 2006 Heat Wave

10. Worksite Conditions Heat Illness Prevention During Heat Waves
Take Extra Measures - More Vigilance
Supervisors/employees watch each other very closely & provide more frequent feedback
Avoid working alone - “buddy system”
Designate person - closely monitor/report employees conditions
Account for employee whereabouts throughout the work shift and end of the day

11. Worksite Conditions Heat Illness Prevention During Heat Waves
Take Extra Measures - More Water
Employees should drink small quantities of water more frequently before, during and after work
Effective replenishment of extra supplies of water
Encourage employees to consult with their doctor on salt/mineral replacement

12. Worksite Conditions Heat Illness Prevention During Heat Waves
Take Extra Measures - More Cooling
Use other cooling measures in addition to shade
Spraying body with water/wiping with wet towels
Additional/longer breaks in the shade

13. Worksite Conditions Heat Illness Prevention During Heat Waves
Take Extra Measures - Change Schedule
Start work earlier or later in the evening
Split-up work shifts - avoid working in hotter parts of the day
Cut work shifts short or stop work

14. Worksite Conditions Heat Illness Prevention During Heat Waves
Take Extra Measures - Change Meals
Encourage employees to:
Eat smaller/more frequent meals ( less body heat during digestion than with big meals)
Choose foods with higher water content (for example, fruits, vegetables, salads)

15. Worksite Conditions Acclimatization Warning
Heat Illness Prevention During Heat Waves
Acclimatization Warning
Even employees previously fully acclimatized are at risk for heat illness
Body needs time to adjust to sudden, abnormally high temperatures or other extreme conditions

16. Heat Illness Prevention 3395(a) Scope and Application
Applies to the control of risk of occurrence of heat illness in all outdoor places of employment
Does not exclude other Title 8 requirements, such as, IIPP, drinking water, first aid

17. 3395(b) Definitions “ Heat Illness" means a serious
medical condition resulting from the
body's inability to cope with a
particular heat load, and includes
heat cramps, heat exhaustion,
heat syncope and heat stroke.
"Environmental risk factors for heat illness" means working conditions that create the possibility that heat illness could occur, including air temperature, relative humidity, radiant heat from the sun and other sources, conductive heat sources such as the ground, air movement, workload severity and duration, protective clothing and personal protective equipment worn by employees.

18. 3395(b) Definitions
“Personal risk factors for heat illness” means factors such as an individual’s age, degree of acclimatization, health, water consumption, alcohol consumption, caffeine consumption, and use of prescription medications that affect the body’s water retention or other physiological responses to heat.
“Acclimatization”
A temporary adaptation of the body to work in the heat that occurs gradually when a person is exposed to it. Acclimatization peaks in most people within days of regular work for at least 2 hours per day in the heat.

19. "Preventative Recovery Period“
3395(b) Definitions
"Shade" means blockage of direct sunlight. Canopies, umbrellas and other temporary structures or devices may be used to provide shade. One indicator that blockage is sufficient is when objects do not cast a shadow in the area of blocked sunlight. Shade is not adequate when heat in the area of shade defeats the purpose of shade, which is to allow the body to cool. For example, a car sitting in the sun does not provide acceptable shade to a person inside it, unless the car is running with air conditioning.
"Preventative Recovery Period“
means a period of time to recover from the heat in order to prevent heat illness.

20. 3395(c) Provision of Water
Sufficient amounts of cool water available at all times w/at least one quart per employee per hour for the entire shift
Easy access to clean and cool water encourages frequent drinking
Keep the water replenished

21. 3395(d) Access to shade
Preventative Recovery Period (PRP) is necessary if an employee is suffering from heat illness or believes that a rest break is needed to recover from the heat
Employees must have access to an area with shade that is either open to the air or provided with ventilation or cooling for a period of no less than 5 minutes

22. 3395(d) Access to shade Access to shade is permitted at all times
Non agricultural employers are permitted cooling measures other than shade if alternate means are proven as effective as shade in cooling the body

23. 3395(e) Training Recognition of Environmental & Personal Risk Factors
Procedures for Complying with the Regulations
Importance of Frequent Consumption of Water
Importance of Acclimatization to Working Conditions
Recognition of Signs/Symptoms of Heat Illnesses
Importance of Reporting Signs/Symptoms to Supervisor
Procedures to Follow When Heat Illness is Reported
Procedures to Contact Medical Services
Means & Methods Available to Transport Ill Workers
Procedure to Ensure Clear/Concise Directions are Given to Emergency Medical Responders to Locate the Worksite

24. Employee Training
The environmental and personal risk factors for heat illness
Importance of frequent consumptions of small quantities of water
Importance of acclimatization
Different types of heat illness, common signs and symptoms

25. Employee Training
Importance of immediately reporting signs/symptoms of heat illness to supervisor
Procedures for responding to possible heat illness
Procedures for contacting and directing emergency medical services to the worksite

26. Section 3395(e)(1) Employee Training
Procedures to follow when contacting emergency medical services and if necessary transporting employees
Employers procedures that ensure clear and precise directions to the work site will be provided to emergency medical service providers.

27. 3395(e)(2) Supervisor Training
Same information required under employee training PLUS
Procedures to follow to implement the applicable provisions of the standard
Procedures to follow when an employee exhibits symptoms consistent with heat illness, including emergency response

28. Impact of Supervisor Training on the Outcome of Heat Illness
For Non-Fatal Heat Illnesses, Supervisor
Trained on Heat Illness Prevention: Yes (67%) and No (33%)

29. Employer’s Written Procedures
Written policy addresses controlling the risks of heat illness and includes all the elements in Section 3395
Policy and procedures can be integrated within the IIPP
Training provided to all employees to recognize heat illness hazards before starting to work outdoors
Procedures must be made available to representatives of Cal/OSHA upon request

30. Internet Resources – Cal/OSHA & NIOSH
ADDITIONAL GUIDANCE
Internet Resources – Cal/OSHA & NIOSH