1. What about other nt and regions?
Acetylcholine – in pons – important for REM onset
AChE poisoning (mustard gas or pesticides)
people go into REM immediately after falling asleep- very vivid dreams and nightmares!
PGO waves –

3. Biological rhythms Circadian rhythms
What are some examples of circadian rhythms?
Have been studied in numerous species
Generated by endogenous clock
Zeitgeber -

5. What are some of the ways that we study circadian rhythms?
animal studies

7. Biological rhythms Ways that we test for endogenous clock
Animal studies
Free running
Mammoth Cave Studies

9. Some of the first work done looking at human endogenous
circadian rhythms were done here in Mammoth Caves in 1938

10. Biological rhythms Ways that we test for endogenous clock
Animal studies
Free running
Mammoth Cave Studies
Space Studies

11. Anatomical Structure for the Circadian clock
Part of hypothalamus
Suprachiasmatic nucleus

13. Anatomical Structure for the Circadian clock
Part of hypothalamus
Suprachiasmatic nucleus
Support: lesions interfere circadian rhythms
Autoradiographic analysis of neural activity

14. How does the hypothalamus know when it is light or dark?
retinohypothalamic tract –
direct connections from eye to the SCN!

15. (thalamus)

16. What about changing time zones?
NASA study suggests it takes 1 day/time zone
not a tremendous amount of research on topic
for most people – easier to go West than East

17. Department of Neurology, UMass Medical School
examined the win-loss records of 19 East Coast and West Coast
baseball teams in the seasons.
Overall, teams won 54% of their games on their home fields. However,
home teams won 62.9% of their games if their opponents traveled
west to east the day before they played.
If a team traveled east to west the day before a game, the home team
won only 56.2% of the time.
SUGGESTING……..

18. Helping jet lag?
pineal gland-
releases melatonin (hormone) (at night)