1. The Nucleus and DNA

3. Nucleus
the most prominent organelle in a cell, housing and protecting its DNA and directs the synthesis of ribosomes and proteins

4. Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
A molecule that carries genetic instructions used in the development, functioning, and reproduction of all living things
The genetic material in DNA determines how traits are passed from one generation to the next
DNA is unique to each individual
DNA is a practical tool in various fields such as forensics and medicine

5. Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
The length of DNA in one human cell is estimated to be over 6 ft in length when stretched out.
In 1953, Watson and Crick completed a model of the DNA molecule.
The Watson-Crick model of the DNA molecule can be compared to a ladder that has been twisted into a continuous spiral, this shape is known as a double helix.

6. Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
Within the DNA of each cell, human genome is approximately 6500 million base pairs
Base pairs (Guanine and Cytosine, Adenine and Thymine) hold the chains together

8. Chromatin
A combination of DNA and proteins and describes the material that makes up chromosomes
Chromosomes condense out of chromatin during cell division

9. Chromosomes DNA is organized into larger structures called chromosomes
They are only distinguishable when the cell is ready to divide
Humans have a full set of 46 chromosomes (23 pairs)
Each chromosome has a different number of genes that code for various traits and variation in genes across a population results in genetic diversity
Genes provide the information for our bodies to create proteins, hormones, and sugars

10. Chromosomes
Chromosomes are also organized in two sister chromatids (You get one copy from your mother and one copy from your father)
These sister chromatids are exact copies of each other
Each pair of chromosomes code for the same genes, but may or may not have the same alleles of each gene.

11. Karyotype
a representation of the number and appearance of chromosomes in the nucleus
They are used to determine whether a diagnosed birth defect is due to a chromosomal abnormality or to predict whether a fetus may be at risk for a genetic disorder.

12. Autosomes and Allosomes
Humans have 22 sets of autosomal chromosomes
Allosomes are the sex chromosomes; involved in the determination of the sex of the offspring
XX = female
XY = male

13. Gregor Mendel
Postulated the existence of genes to explain how traits are inherited
Alleles are different forms of the same gene and account for the heritable difference among individuals
Studied pea plants, analyzing seven of their characteristics: height, pod shape and colour, seed shape and colour, and flower position and colour