1. ichep

2. Public lecture e u s d u u d d c c c s s t t b b b t

3. BANG !!

4. Sizes and Times cm
sec
sec
1 cm
sec km

5. COBE

6. Dark Field

7. planets

8. the ATOM
atom
is another UNIVERSE

9. the ATOM
QUANTUM
Quantum atom

10. Atomic Nucleus
electron

11. Atomic Nucleus
Neutron
Quarks
Proton
>

12. 1969 Hadrons photon anti- Leptons anti- leptons mesons baryons anti-

13. DESY, Hamburg

14. Aleph detector, CERN

15. (Large Hadron Collider
CERN SpS & LEP
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LHC
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(Large Hadron Collider
2007  ··· )

16. Forces: the forces the ELECTRO MAGNETIC force the STRONG force
Known from experiment
Forces:
the ELECTRO MAGNETIC force
the STRONG force
the WEAK force
the forces

17. The Yang-Mills Field
C.N. Yang and R.L. Mills, 1954

18. The Yang-Mills Field
C.N. Yang and R.L. Mills, 1954

19. Yang - Mills quanta o o - + o + -
proton
neutron + o

20. And, neutrinos only rotate in one direction !
Just as planets and tennis balls, elementary particles may have ... Spin !
And, neutrinos only rotate in one direction !
Neutrino
Anti Neutrino

21. According to the Yang-Mills-theory
Multiplets
According to the Yang-Mills-theory P N
Nucleons
pions
Yang-Mills
bosons

22. Peter Higgs

23. S.L. Glashow
St. Weinberg
A. Salam
trio

24. Weinberg’s lepton model
Anti –
Leptons
Gauge bosons
Leptons
Weinberg Model
Higgs

25. The hadronic particles …
Proton
Lambda
Antiproton
Pi-plus
Pi-zero

26. The Yang-Mills Colour Field
Quantum Chromo Dynamics

27. u d up down c charm s s s strange t b top bottom Quark species weak
strong
quarks
Antiquarks u d up
down c
charm s s s
strange t b
top
bottom

28. The Standard Model g Leptons Quarks Gauge Bosons Generation I
Generation II
Generation III
Leptons
Quarks
Gauge
Bosons g
Higgs
Graviton
>>>

29. The fourth force:
Gravitation
Earth

30. Further unification
SU(3)SU(2) U(1)
LEFT
RIGHT
SU(4)SU(2) SU(2)

31. Further unification
SU(4)SU(2)SU(2)
LEFT
RIGHT

32. 3 generations I II
III

33. The highway across the desert
Planck length :
The highway across the desert
GUTs
Today’s
Limit …

34. A brief history of the Universe
Time "Size" Energy/part. Temperature Era
Planck
Grand Unification
Inflation >>
Desert
Quarks + Leptons
Hadrons
Leptons
Nucleosynthesis
Radiation
Plasma
Matter

35. COBE

36. structure

37. fluctuations

38. UNIVERSE

39. The formation of a Black Hole
horizon

40. Stephen Hawking’s discovery:
the radiating black hole

41. The SuperString Theory

42. Utrecht University
end ? ? ? ?

43. Total cross sections
CESR
DORIS
PEP
PETRA
TRISTAN

44. SM incomplete the STANDARD MODEL
These are the fundamental particles of our Universe
As far as we know them at present …
They are controlled by UNIVERSAL laws of physics …
There are 26 constants of Nature
12 masses, 3 coupling strengths, 11 mixing parameters
Some of these are left – right asymmetric !
And we know that this theory is incomplete …