1. CS133 Input and output devices
Input/output/LP

2. What’s available for input…
touch - fingers, feet, breath
sound - voice, other sounds
gesture
gaze
brainwaves…
Input/output/LP

3. and output… textual information
visual images - photos, diagrams, icons
moving images
sounds - music, soundfx, voice
tactile sensation
force feedback
texture feedback
smells…
Input/output/LP

4. What do we need to input? Pointing
Depressing/releasing a switch - clicking
Dragging
Text input
(Can we reduce this range to "Point and click?" Or simply a click or on-off switch?)
Input/output/LP

5. Jim Lubin operates his machine by using a sip-and-puff device to enter Morse code patterns that input keyboard keys and mouse functions.
Input/output/LP

6. The current norm for desktop systems
Input via keyboard and mouse
Output via text, pictures, movement, sound
Input/output/LP

7. “Finger-on” computing
Bill Buxton once remarked that if human society were destroyed apart from a computer shop, visiting Martian archeologists would determine that humans were monocular and had one hand with 29 digits on it. All the remaining body senses and capabilities are irrelevant to the computer interface.
Input/output/LP

8. Keyboards
QWERTY - Christopher Latham Sholes, 1870's. Designed to "slow down" typing, to prevent the types from jamming.
Input/output/LP

9. Dvorak keyboard
August Dvorak Increased accuracy in typing by almost 50 % and speed by %
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10. Comparison
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11. Ergonomic keyboard design
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12. Ergonomic keyboards
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13. Ergonomic keyboards
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14. Chord keyboards
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15. Pointing devices - direct
Touchscreens
Input/output/LP

16. Touchscreens
Often used for applications with occasional use, for example
Bank ATMs, Information Kiosks, etc.
No extra hardware - used for input and for output
Can be precise to 1 pixel
Good for menu choice - not so good for other functions
Intuitive to use
Input/output/LP

17. Touchscreens
BUT
Tiring if at wrong angle (needs to be 30-45% from horizontal)
Get greasy, jammy
Finger can obscure screen
Alternative - use stylus to touch screen, or lightpen
Input/output/LP

18. Indirect Pointing Devices
Need more cognitive processing than direct methods, but can be more efficient
mouse
tracker ball
trackpoint
touchpad…
Input/output/LP

19. Indirect pointing devices - mouse
Invented by Doug Englebart, Xerox PARC, in 1966
"Mouse arm" - RSI injury
Range of technologies, including wireless mice - for home entertainment, lectures, etc
Input/output/LP

20. Indirect pointing devices - other
Trackerball, trackpad, trackpoint
Less space on desktop
Good in moving environments, e.g. car, train
Input/output/LP

21. Indirect pointing devices - other
Joystick
Some with force feedback for haptic experience
Input/output/LP

22. Indirect pointing devices - other
Footmouse
Equivalent to conventional mouse but no RSI
Input/output/LP

23. Indirect pointing devices - other
Graphics tablet
Large touch sensitive surface operated via stylus, pencil,
Can be larger than screen, for precise pointing and accurate control
Pressure and angle sensitive
Input/output/LP

24. A new idea… Interactive music via “joysticks”
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25. Criteria of interest for HCI
Speed of motion for short and long distances
Accuracy of positioning
Error rate
Ease of learning
Support for (complex) tasks
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26. Cost Durability Weight Space requirements Will it get lost? LH vs. RH
Likelihood of RSI
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27. Choosing devices Match physiological & psychological characteristics
Appropriate for task
Suitable for the work & environment
Left and/or right handed
Designed by men, used by women?
All kinds of special needs, from slight long sight to severe motor/visual/ cognitive disability
Input/output/LP

28. Alternatives …
Speech (also for text input)
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29. Alternatives …
Gaze input - via reflections of laser beam aimed at retina. Here with pointing via data glove
Input/output/LP

30. Alternatives …
Brain activity input - this neural network system distinguishes 5 brain patterns - for up, down, L, R & click
Input/output/LP

31. The challenge of interactivity for everyone, everywhere
Interactive TV
Household devices, e.g. curtains, garage door, central heating
Mobiles, palm tops, badge computers, toys, interactive clothing
Input/output/LP