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THE FIVE KINGDOMS http://www.specialedprep.net/MSAT%20SCIENCE/KingdomMonera.htm.

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Presentation on theme: "THE FIVE KINGDOMS http://www.specialedprep.net/MSAT%20SCIENCE/KingdomMonera.htm."— Presentation transcript:

1 THE FIVE KINGDOMS

2 Introduction to Bacteria
2 TYPES OF BACTERIA: Bacteria -Get food from an outside source Blue-green Bacteria -Make their own food

3 Bacteria - small one celled monerans
Bacteria like a warm, dark, and moist environment They are found almost everywhere: -water -air -soil -food -skin -inside the body -on most objects

4 Bacteria are classified by shape into 3 groups:
3 Shapes of Bacteria Bacteria are classified by shape into 3 groups: Spiral: spirilla rod-shaped: bacilli, bacillus Round: cocci

5 Bacillus anthracis – (bacillus) 3 Shapes of Bacteria
Neisseria meningitidis (coccus) Leptospira interrogans – (spirilla)

6 7 Major Structures of a Bacteria Cell
Capsule Cell wall Ribosomes Nucleoid Flagella Pilli Cytoplasm

7 7 Major Structures of a Bacteria Cell
Capsule keeps the cell from drying out and helps it stick to food or other cells

8 7 Major Structures of a Bacteria Cell
Cell wall Thick outer covering that maintains the overall shape of the bacterial cell

9 7 Major Structures of a Bacteria Cell
Ribosomes cell part where proteins are made Ribosomes give the cytoplasm of bacteria a granular appearance in electron micrographs

10 7 Major Structures of a Bacteria Cell
Nucleoid a ring made up of DNA

11 7 Major Structures of a Bacteria Cell
Flagella a whip-like tail that some bacteria have for locomotion

12 7 Major Structures of a Bacteria Cell
Amimation of E.coli

13 Pilli 7 Major Structures of a Bacteria Cell
hollow hair-like structures made of protein allows bacteria to attach to other cells. Pilli-singular Pillus-plural

14 7 Major Structures of a Bacteria Cell
Cytoplasm clear jelly-like material that makes up most of the cell

15 Reproduction of Bacteria
Binary Fission- the process of one organism dividing into two organisms Fission is a type of asexual reproduction Asexual reproduction- reproduction of a living thing from only one parent How?... The one main (circular) chromosome makes a copy of itself Then it divides into two www-raider.stjohns.k12.fl.us/.../ sv16.html

16 BINARY FISSION Bacteria dividing Completed Reproduction of Bacteria
Bacteria dividing Completed

17 Reproduction of Bacteria
The time of reproduction depends on how desirable the conditions are Bacteria can rapidly reproduce themselves in warm, dark, and moist conditions Some can reproduce every 20 minutes (one bacteria could be an ancestor to one million bacteria in six hours)

18 Binary Fission Bacterial Cell & Nucleiod DNA Ring DNA replication
Cell wall synthesis Cell separation

19 Bacteria Survival Endospore- a thick celled structure that forms inside the cell they are the major cause of food poisoning allows the bacteria to survive for many years they can withstand boiling, freezing, and extremely dry conditions it encloses all the nuclear materials and some cytoplasm

20 Endospore-the black section in the middle
Bacteria Survival Bacillus subtilis Endospore-the black section in the middle highly resistant structures can withstand radiation, UV light, and boiling at 120oC for 15 minutes.

21 Bacteria Survival – Food sources
parasites – bacteria that feed on living things saprophytes – use dead materials for food (exclusively) decomposers – get food from breaking down dead matter into simple chemicals important- because they send minerals and other materials back into the soil so other organisms can use them

22 some bacteria cause diseases Animals can pass diseases to humans
Harmful Bacteria some bacteria cause diseases Animals can pass diseases to humans Communicable Disease – Disease passed from one organism to another This can happen in several ways: Air Touching clothing, food, silverware, or toothbrush Drinking water that contains bacteria

23                                                                            1                                                                            1                                                                            1                                                                            1                                                                            1 Harmful Bacteria Human tooth with accumulation of bacterial plaque (smooth areas) and calcified tartar (rough areas)

24 Bacteria grow in the stomach of a cow to break down grass and hay
Helpful Bacteria Decomposers help recycle nutrients into the soil for other organisms to grow Bacteria grow in the stomach of a cow to break down grass and hay Most are used to make antibiotics Some bacteria help make insulin Used to make industrial chemicals

25 E.coli on small intestines
                                                                           1                                                                            1                                                                            1                                                                            1                                                                            1 Helpful Bacteria E.coli on small intestines

26 Helpful Bacteria Used to treat sewage
Organic waste is consumed by the bacteria, used as nutrients by the bacteria, and is no longer present to produce odors, sludge, pollution, or unsightly mess. foods like yogurt, cottage & Swiss cheese, sour cream, buttermilk are made from bacteria that grows in milk

27 3 ways to control bacteria:
Controlling Bacteria 3 ways to control bacteria: 1) Canning- the process of sealing food in airtight cans or jars after killing bacteria endospores are killed during this process 2) Pasteurization- process of heating milk to kill harmful bacteria 3) Dehydration- removing water from food Bacteria can’t grow when H2O is removed example: uncooked noodles & cold cereal

28 Controlling Bacteria Antiseptic vs. Disinfectants Antiseptic- chemicals that kill bacteria on living things means – “against infection” Examples: iodine, hydrogen peroxide, alcohol, soap, mouthwash Disinfectants- stronger chemicals that destroy bacteria on objects or nonliving things

29 BLUE-GREEN BACTERIA Autotrophs – make their own food through photosynthesis larger than most bacterial cells commonly grow on water and surfaces that stay wet…such as rivers, creeks and dams Some live in salt water, snow, and acid water of hot springs food source for animals that live in the water

30 BLUE-GREEN BACTERIA can be toxic to humans and animals
Blooms- occur when the bacteria multiplies in great numbers and form scum on the top of the water

31                                                                            1                                                                            1                                                                            1                                                                            1                                                                            1 The End

32 Bacteria Survival Endospore- a thick celled structure that forms inside the cell it encloses all the nuclear materials and some cytoplasm They can withstand boiling, freezing, and extremely dry conditions Allows the bacteria to survive for many years

33 Bacteria Survival – Food sources
parasites – bacteria that feed on living things saprophytes – use dead materials for food decomposers – get food from breaking down dead matter into simple chemicals important- because they send minerals and other materials back into the soil so other organisms can use them

34 some bacteria cause diseases Animals can pass diseases to humans
Harmful Bacteria some bacteria cause diseases Animals can pass diseases to humans Communicable Disease – Disease passed from one organism to another This can happen in several ways: Air Touching clothing, food, silverware, or toothbrush Drinking water that contains bacteria

35                                                                            1                                                                            1                                                                            1                                                                            1                                                                            1 Harmful Bacteria Human tooth with accumulation of bacterial plaque (smooth areas) and calcified tartar (rough areas)

36 Bacteria grow in the stomach of a cow to break down grass and hay
Helpful Bacteria Decomposers help recycle nutrients into the soil for other organisms to grow Bacteria grow in the stomach of a cow to break down grass and hay Most are sued to make antibiotics Some bacteria help make insulin Used to make industrial chemicals

37 E.coli on small intestines
                                                                           1                                                                            1                                                                            1                                                                            1                                                                            1 Helpful Bacteria E.coli on small intestines

38 Controlling Bacteria

39 BLUE-GREEN BACTERIA Make their own food through photosynthesis
Bigger than most bacterial cells Commonly grow on water and surfaces that stay wet…such as rivers, creeks and dams

40 BLUE-GREEN BACTERIA It can be toxic to humans and animals
Blooms- occur when the bacteria multiplies in great numbers and form scum on the top of the water

41 EXAMPLES OF BLUE-GREEN BACTERIA
take_action.htm Lake Champlain

42                                                                            1                                                                            1                                                                            1                                                                            1                                                                            1 Pictures of Bacteria

43                                                                            1                                                                            1                                                                            1                                                                            1                                                                            1

44                                                                            1                                                                            1                                                                            1                                                                            1                                                                            1 Bacillus anthracis - rod, vegetative stage prokaryote (bacterium) Image Number: 21185A

45                                                                            1                                                                            1                                                                            1                                                                            1                                                                            1 Neisseria meningitidis - coccus prokaryote (bacterium) Image Number: 97214E

46 Leptospira interrogans - spiral shaped prokaryote (spirochete)
                                                                           1                                                                            1                                                                            1                                                                            1                                                                            1 Leptospira interrogans - spiral shaped prokaryote (spirochete)

47 Ecoli movement animatoin
                                                                           1                                                                            1                                                                            1                                                                            1                                                                            1 Strep animation Ecoli movement animatoin

48 Ecoli movement animatoin

49                                                                            1                                                                            1                                                                            1                                                                            1                                                                            1 HIV movie

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