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Internet2 Overview SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY POLICY IN A POSTMODERN WORLD

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Presentation on theme: "Internet2 Overview SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY POLICY IN A POSTMODERN WORLD"— Presentation transcript:

1 Internet2 Overview SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY POLICY IN A POSTMODERN WORLD Brookings Institution Gary R. Bachula, Vice President, Internet2 This is a general overview presentation about Internet2. Internet2 is a consortium, led by US universities, which is recreating the partnership among academia, industry and government that fostered today’s Internet in its infancy. 7 December 2000

2 Internet2 FAQ What (and why) is Internet2?
Will Internet2 replace today’s Internet? Will there be an Internet3? How (or when) can I connect to Internet2 from home? What’s your stock ticker symbol? These are some commonly asked questions that this presentation will answer. 2/23/2019

3 Who Are We? A project of the university community working with our corporate colleagues and government to close the gap between the potential and reality of the Internet 2/23/2019

4 Why University Leadership?
The Internet came from the higher research university community Stanford -- the Internet protocols NSFNet -- the scaled-up Internet CERN -- The WWW protocols University of Illinois -- The Web browser Research universities require an advanced Internet and have demonstrated they can develop it 2/23/2019

5 Internet2 Universities 181 Universities as of December 2000
This is the latest map of Internet2 universities. Each Internet2 university commits to providing the high performance networking on their own campus, connecting to a high-performance backbone network, and supporting advanced applications development on their own campus. 2/23/2019

6 Internet2 Partnerships
Internet2 universities are recreating the partnerships that fostered the Internet in its infancy Industry Government International Partnerships are the foundation of how the Internet developed and they are also a part of the foundation of Internet2. 2/23/2019

7 Internet2 Corporate Partners
3Com Advanced Network & Services Alcatel Ameritech AT&T Cabletron Systems Cisco Systems IBM ITC^Deltacom Lucent Technologies Marconi WorldCom Microsoft Newbridge Networks Netcom Systems Nortel Networks Qwest Communications SBC Communications WCI Cable This is the latest list of Internet2 Corporate Partners. Corporate partners have committed to providing over US$1million in support of collaborations with Internet2 universities. 2/23/2019

8 Internet2 Mission Develop and deploy advanced network applications and technologies, accelerating the creation of tomorrow’s Internet. This is the Internet2 mission. 2/23/2019

9 Internet2 Goals Enable new generation of applications
Re-create leading edge R&E network capability Transfer technology and experience to the global production Internet These are the three primary goals of Internet2. 2/23/2019

10 People on the Internet Millions of People
This chart shows the rapid rise in the number of people using the Internet. The projected figures are probably conservative. Source: Nua Internet Surveys 2/23/2019

11 Computers on the Internet
Millions of Computers This shows the number of computers on the Internet. Increasingly, however, non-computer devices will be connected to the Internet, and the total number of devices—computer and non-computer—will rise much more rapidly than the number of computers. The size of the Internet has doubled every 11 months since its inception and this rate will only increase in the future. Source: Internet Domain Survey 2/23/2019

12 Yesterday’s Internet Thousands of users Remote login, file transfer
Interconnect mainframe computers Applications capitalize on underlying technology These are some important characteristics of the Internet during its pre-commercial development. 2/23/2019

13 Today’s Internet Millions of users
Web, , low-quality audio & video Interconnect personal computers and servers Applications adapt to underlying technology Since commercialization in 1994, key characteristics of the Internet have changed: the size of the network and the capacity applications require support beyond the original design parameters of the underlying technologies. 2/23/2019

14 Tomorrow’s Internet Billions of users and devices
Convergence of today’s applications with multimedia (telephony, video-conference, HDTV) Interconnect personal computers, servers, and embedded computers New technologies enable unanticipated applications (and create new challenges) Tomorrow’s Internet promises even more demands: many more users and even more demanding applications. New capabilities must be developed to realize the potential of tomorrow’s Internet. 2/23/2019

15 Why Internet2? The Internet was not designed for:
Millions of users Congestion Multimedia Real time interaction But, only the Internet can: Accommodate explosive growth Enable convergence of information work, mass media, and human collaboration Internet2 is focused on the Internet’s potential for our future 2/23/2019

16 The Network Performance Gap
hype More technological potential Performance performance gap However, there are significant divergences among these three things: The potential of the technology: what the entire network could do if the underlying technologies worked together in an optimal way. Actual performance: the real-world performance an end-user sees Hype: the performance we’d have if all the press releases and marketing materials were true. actual performance Less Time 2/23/2019

17 Today’s Internet Doesn’t
Provide reliable end-to-end performance Encourage cooperation on new capabilities Allow testing of new technologies Support development of revolutionary applications Today’s Internet has serious shortcomings. Some of them are performance or technically related, which limit the kinds of applications and capabilities the Internet can support. Other limitations affect the ability to innovate new capabilities that would address some of the performance and technical limitations. 2/23/2019

18 Internet Development Spiral
Commercialization Privatization Today’s Internet This spiral represents one way of looking at the development of the Internet. As the Internet moved from a research project to a commercial service, a set of partnerships fostered its development. During this process, the Internet grew in a number of ways: size, complexity, bandwidth, etc. Internet2 is forming the partnerships needed for technologies in a second cycle of innovation make their way into the commercial Internet. Internet2 Research and Development Partnerships 2/23/2019 Source: Ivan Moura Campos

19 Internet2 Focus Areas Advanced Network Infrastructure Middleware
New Network Capabilities Advanced Applications Partnerships These are the five areas that Internet2, Internet2 members, and partner organizations are focused on. 2/23/2019

20 Internet2 Network Infrastructure
Backbones operate at 2.4 Gbps (OC48) capacity today GigaPoPs provide regional high-performance aggregation points Local campus networks provide 100 Mbps to the desktop This is a broad generalization of the Internet2 network infrastructure. 2/23/2019

21 Download of “The Matrix”
2/23/2019

22 Internet2 Network Architecture
GigaPoP One GigaPoP Two Internet2 Backbone Networks This diagram shows the network architecture being developed by Internet2 members. GigaPoP Three GigaPoP Four 2/23/2019

23 Internet2 Interconnect
Network Architecture Internet2 Interconnect Cloud GigaPoP One Regional Network University C Commercial Internet Connections University B University A This diagram illustrates a possible ways universities access the high-performance and commercial networks 2/23/2019

24 Internet2 Backbone Networks
This is an illustration of the (currently) two Internet2 backbone networks, the vBNS developed by MCI Worldcom and the National Science Foundation and Abilene, developed by the University Corporation for Advanced Internet Development, Qwest, Cisco and Indiana University. Donna Cox, Robert Patterson, NCSA 2/23/2019

25 Internet2 GigaPoPs 27 as of November 2000
These are the location of the Internet2 gigaPoPs. 2/23/2019

26 Internet2 Focus Areas Advanced Network Infrastructure Middleware
New Network Capabilities Advanced Applications Partnerships These are the five areas that Internet2, Internet2 members, and partner organizations are focused on. 2/23/2019

27 Middleware A layer of software between the network and the applications Authentication Identification Authorization Directories Security Middleware is a layer of software between the network and applicaitons 2/23/2019

28 Internet2 Middleware Initiative
Internet2 community has unique needs and capabilities Middleware Architecture Committee for Education Early Harvest and Early Adopters PKI Shibboleth (authentication) Computational middleware (Beta Grid) Medical middleware Directories The commercial development of middleware has lagged. These are some of the activities and work underway within the Internet2 community. 2/23/2019

29 Internet2 Focus Areas Advanced Network Infrastructure Middleware
New Network Capabilities Advanced Applications Partnerships These are the five areas that Internet2, Internet2 members, and partner organizations are focused on. 2/23/2019

30 New Network Capabilities
Quality of Service: QBone Scalable IP Multicast IPv6 Distributed Storage: I2-DSI Digital Video: I2-DV I2MI: GlueWorks These are some of the new network capabilities that advanced networks will need to implement and which the Internet2 community is working on. 2/23/2019

31 Internet2 Focus Areas Advanced Network Infrastructure Middleware
New Network Capabilities Advanced Applications Partnerships These are the five areas that Internet2, Internet2 members, and partner organizations are focused on. 2/23/2019

32 Applications and Engineering
Motivate Enables This diagram represents the interplay between applications and engineering. These two activities are often separate in networking development. Within Internet2, it is important that these two areas work together. Engineering 2/23/2019

33 Advanced Applications
Distributed computation Virtual laboratories Digital libraries Distributed learning Digital video Tele-immersion All of the above in combination Advanced applications com in many flavors, and those flavors can be combined. Advanced applications share the characteristic that they require advanced network capabilities to work—they either don’t work at all, or won’t work well on today’s Internet. Enabling advanced applications is at the heart of Internet2. 2/23/2019

34 Virtual Laboratories Real-time access to remote instruments
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center 3-D Brain Mapping Here are some examples of various applications already in use: This application links an MRI machine with a supercomputer to produce 3-D visualizations of the neurons in a patient’s brain firing in real-time. The resulting animation can be viewed by any doctor that has access to high-performance networking. These capabilities transform the process of visualizing a patient’s brain—a process that normally takes days—and allows doctor’s to work in ways not previously possible. 2/23/2019

35 Virtual Laboratories Real-time access to remote instruments
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill Distributed nanoManipulator This is an application which allows remote control of an electron microscope that can actually move molecules around. The application also provides “force feed-back” to the remote operator. 2/23/2019

36 Virtual Laboratories Mauna Kea Observatories AURA University of Hawaii
Here are pictures of various applications already in use: 1) the Upper Atmosphere research Collaboratory (UARC) developed at the University of Michigan--allows researchers access to data from instruments in Greenland w/o having to travel there, and allows them to discuss and interact in real time. This applications allows access to broader audience, including the second-order affect of enabling graduate students (who would never have been able to go to Greenland) to look in on research. 2&3) Pictures of a the output from a scanning electron microscope--allows access to expensive, specialized equipment by students--allows them to control in the microscope and see the output as if they were in the same room --These both require advanced network capabilities to work--either don’t work, or won’t work well on today’s internet. 2/23/2019

37 Virtual Laboratories Space Physics & Aeronomy Research Collaboratory (SPARC) University of Michigan NSF Here are pictures of various applications already in use: 1) the Upper Atmosphere research Collaboratory (UARC) developed at the University of Michigan--allows researchers access to data from instruments in Greenland w/o having to travel there, and allows them to discuss and interact in real time. This applications allows access to broader audience, including the second-order affect of enabling graduate students (who would never have been able to go to Greenland) to look in on research. 2&3) Pictures of a the output from a scanning electron microscope--allows access to expensive, specialized equipment by students--allows them to control in the microscope and see the output as if they were in the same room --These both require advanced network capabilities to work--either don’t work, or won’t work well on today’s internet. 2/23/2019

38 Images courtesy Univ. of Illinois-Chicago
Tele-immersion Shared virtual reality University of Illinois at Chicago Virtual Temporal Bone This is a program that allows a doctor to share a 3-D image of a complex piece of anatomy (the inner ear) with students in a way that makes teaching the anatomy much easier. By making this interactive capability available over the network, a doctor can teach students remotely. Images courtesy Univ. of Illinois-Chicago 2/23/2019

39 Tele-cubicles and the CAVE
Tele-cubicles and CAVEs are different interfaces used for some advanced applications. Immersion in a virtual world, or interaction among people using these interfaces allows people to interact with applications in new ways. The requirements of network applications using these kinds of displays generally require advanced networking. 2/23/2019 Source: University of Illinois-Chicago

40 Distributed Computation
Large-scale computation University Corporation for Atmospheric Research Move mouse over the top and bottom images to show animations of Image courtesy of UCAR 2/23/2019

41 Internet2 Focus Areas Advanced Network Infrastructure Middleware
New Network Capabilities Advanced Applications Partnerships These are the five areas that Internet2, Internet2 members, and partner organizations are focused on. 2/23/2019

42 Internet2 Partnerships
Internet2 universities are recreating the partnerships that fostered the Internet in its infancy Industry Government International Partnerships are the foundation of how the Internet developed and they are also a part of the foundation of Internet2. 2/23/2019

43 Internet2 and the Next Generation Internet Initiative
NGI University-led Federal agency-led Developing education and research driven applications Agency mission-driven and general purpose applications Building out campus networks, gigaPoPs and inter-gigapop infrastructure Funding research testbeds and agency research networks Internet2 works closely with the federal agencies involved in the Next Generation Internet initiative. Interconnecting and interoperating to provide advanced networking capabilities needed to support advanced research and education applications 2/23/2019

44 Federal role in advanced networking development
Mirrors key federal role in first round of Internet development Supports long-term research & development Establishes framework for additional investment Federal agency focus is complementary to Internet2’s university focus 2/23/2019

45 National Networks Internet2 Backbone Networks
vBNS Abilene Federal Backbone Networks DREN ESnet NREN 2/23/2019

46 Additional Participation
Over 70 Internet2 Corporate Members Over 30 Affiliate Members There are also over a total of 70 corporate members (including corporate partners) in Internet2, and over 30 affiliate members. 2/23/2019

47 Internet2 Corporate Partners
3Com Advanced Network & Services Alcatel Ameritech AT&T Cabletron Systems Cisco Systems IBM ITC^Deltacom Lucent Technologies Marconi WorldCom Microsoft Newbridge Networks Netcom Systems Nortel Networks Qwest Communications SBC Communications WCI Cable This is the latest list of Internet2 Corporate Partners. Corporate partners have committed to providing over US$1million in support of collaborations with Internet2 universities. 2/23/2019

48 Internet2 Corporate Sponsors
Bell South Compaq Ericsson (formerly Torrent Networking Technologies) Litton Network Access Systems Novell SBC Technology Resources StorageTek 2/23/2019

49 Internet2 Corporate Members
Alcatel Telecom Apple Computer AppliedTheory Communications Bell Atlantic British Telecom Deutsche Telekom Fujitsu Laboratories of America GTE Internetworking Hitachi IXC Communications KDD Motorola Nexabit Networks Nokia Research Center NTT Multimedia Pacific Bell Project OXYGEN RR Donnelley Siemens Sprint Sun Microsystems Sylvan Learning Tachyon Telcordia Technologies (formerly Bellcore) Telebeam Teleglobe TransMedia Communications VTEL Williams Communications Grp. Worldport Communications Inc. 2/23/2019

50 Transferring technology and experience...
2/23/2019

51 Technology Transfer Conduits
Collaborating on advanced applications Deploying pre-commercial infrastructure and protocols Establishing expertise and human capital Large-scale proof of concept A primary goal of Internet2 is to ensure the rapid adoption of new capabilities in the global Internet. Internet2 Corporate Partners play an important role in ensuring these technologies are broadly deployed. The Internet2 community provides a way for new capabilities to be tested. Many of the students at universities take the experience and expertise they gain through their university’s participation in Internet2 with them when they move into the commercial world. 2/23/2019

52 International Partnerships
Ensure global interoperability of advanced networking technologies and applications Enable collaborations between US researchers at Internet2 institutions and their non-US counterparts 2/23/2019

53 Internet2 International Partners
AAIREP (Australia) APAN (Asia-Pacific) ARNES (Slovenia) BELNET (Belgium) CANARIE (Canada) CESnet (Czech Republic) CUDI (Mexico) DANTE (Europe) DFN-Verein (Germany) Fundacion Internet 2 Argentina (Argentina) GIP RENATER (France) GRNET (Greece) HEAnet (Ireland) HUNGARNET (Hungary) INFN-GARR (Italy) Israel-IUCC (Israel) JAIRC (Japan) JISC/UKERNA (UK) NORDUnet (Nordic countries) POL-34 (Poland) RCCN (Portugal) RedIRIS (Spain) RESTENA (Luxembourg) REUNA SingAREN (Singapore) Stichting SURF (Netherlands) SWITCH (Switzerland) TAnet (Taiwan) TERENA (Europe) These are the organizations in other countries with which Internet2 has formal relationships. These organizations have goals and objectives which are similar to those of Internet2. Most of these are the organizations and/or networks serve all of higher education in their respective countries. When its appropriate and possible, Internet2 works to interconnect the high-performance research and education network infrastructure in the United States with that in the countries of these organizations. 2/23/2019

54 Unanticipated Innovation
Lesson of the Web Network growth and value are non-linear New technologies enable qualitatively different uses Users become innovators 2/23/2019

55 Internet Development Spiral
Commercialization Privatization Today’s Internet As this diagram shows, we expect Internet2 to continue to support the partnerships that help new technologies and capabilities move from the research and development phase into commercial deployment. As further cycles of innovation and technology develop, Internet2 will continue to play this role. Internet2 Research and Development Partnerships 2/23/2019 Source: Ivan Moura Campos

56 What’s next? End-to-end performance Middleware
Expanded access initiative Next generation networking (all-optical) 2/23/2019

57 Advanced Networking on the Web
(National Teleimmersion Initiative) These URLs are pointers to more information about some of the topics in this presentation. 2/23/2019

58 For More Internet2 Information
On the Web For more information about Internet2, please see these web sites, or contact directly by . 2/23/2019

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