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A Conference on Ecosystem Services (ACES)
Field Evidence That Ecosystem Service Projects Support Biodiversity and Diversify Options Rebecca L Goldman, Heather Tallis, Peter Kareiva, Gretchen Daily A Conference on Ecosystem Services (ACES) 9 December 2008
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Two focal questions How do biodiversity approaches differ from ecosystem service approaches? 2) Can ecosystem service approaches mainstream conservation?
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Conservation approaches
Biodiversity Approach Land purchase Easement purchase Focus on species and habitats
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Conservation approaches
Biodiversity Approach Land purchase Easement purchase Focus on species and habitats Reserves: too few, too small, too isolated Purchase: too costly; too many people
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Conservation approaches
Biodiversity Approach Ecosystem service Approach Land purchase Easement purchase Focus on species and habitats Service goals Consider human well-being Reserves: too few, too small, too isolated Purchase: too costly; too many people
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What are Ecosystem Services?
The benefits people obtain from ecosystems Provisioning services Regulating services Supporting services Preserving options Cultural services
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Two focal questions How do biodiversity approaches differ from ecosystem service approaches? 2) Can ecosystem service approaches mainstream conservation?
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Do ecosystem service approaches:
Targeted Systems? Protected Areas?
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Do ecosystem service approaches:
Targeted Systems? Protected Areas? Participation?
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Do ecosystem service approaches:
Targeted Systems? Protected Areas? Participation? Reward Mechanisms?
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Do ecosystem service approaches:
Targeted Systems? Protected Areas? Participation? Reward Mechanisms? Diversity of Revenue Streams?
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Methods TNC case study Semi-structured interviews
Project implementation Questions about monitoring Database 34 ES projects 26 BD projects US, Central, South America Statistical analysis Chi-square Mean/SE
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Do ecosystem service approaches:
Targeted Systems? Protected Areas?
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Ecosystem service projects include new landscapes
Goldman et al PNAS
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Ecosystem service projects do NOT leave reserves behind
Goldman et al PNAS
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Ecosystem service projects address the same threats
Goldman et al PNAS
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Do ecosystem service approaches:
Participation? Photo by: Nestor Windvoxhel, TNC
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Ecosystem service projects engage new stakeholders
Goldman et al PNAS
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Do ecosystem service approaches:
Reward Mechanisms? Photo by: Chris Matson, TNC
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Ecosystem service projects use a greater variety of finance tools
Goldman et al PNAS
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Ecosystem service projects use a greater variety of finance tools
Goldman et al PNAS
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Ecosystem service projects use a greater variety of finance tools
Goldman et al PNAS
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Ecosystem service projects use a greater variety of finance tools
Goldman et al PNAS
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Ecosystem service projects can use finance tools abroad
Goldman et al PNAS
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Do ecosystem service approaches:
Diversity of Revenue Streams?
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Ecosystem service projects diversify revenue streams
Goldman et al PNAS
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Ecosystem service projects diversify revenue streams
Goldman et al PNAS
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Potential of ecosystem service approach
Work with agricultural landscapes
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Potential of ecosystem service approach
Work with agricultural landscapes Retain private landownership
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Potential of ecosystem service approach
Work with agricultural landscapes Retain private landownership Use more finance tools
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Potential of ecosystem service approach
Work with agricultural landscapes Retain private landownership Use more finance tools Expand funding from corporate sources
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What is needed: Outcome-based monitoring
Measure of return on investment
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THANKS! Acknowledgements TNC staff and partners My co-authors
Heather Tallis Peter Kareiva Gretchen Daily Funding sources: Teresa Heinz Environmental Scholars National Science Foundation Graduate Student Fellowship My Contact Info:
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