1. Refraction

2. What is Refraction?
Light travels at 300 million m/s or 3.0 X 108 m/s in a vacuum (i.e. space)
When light passes from air into a transparent substance that is more dense, such as water, glass, diamond etc., the light slows down slightly.
Because it slows down the light rays will change direction, this is called refraction.
The more dense the substance, the more the light is slowed and the more it is refracted.

3. Refraction Refraction Demonstration reflected ray i r R incident ray
air
water R
refracted ray
Refraction Demonstration
Low - High = towards normal
High --> Low = away from normal

4. Rules for Refraction
When measuring the angles of the refracted light rays, the normal is used as the reference point.
When light passes into a more optically dense substance and slows, the ray will bend towards the normal.
When light passes into a less optically dense substance it speeds up and the ray will bend away from the normal

5. Refraction – Mirage in a Desert

6. Examples of Refraction
Atmospheric refraction.
Flattening of the sun at sun set.
Examples of Refraction

7. Examples of Refraction New naval architecture or a mirage

8. Refraction - A levitating iceberg.