1. URINARY/EXCRETORY SYSTEM
Chapter 20
URINARY/EXCRETORY SYSTEM

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URINARY SYSTEM
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URINARY SYSTEM
The urinary system consists of:
Two kidneys
Two ureters
Bladder
Urethra
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4. FUNCTIONS OF THE URINARY SYSTEM
Excretion
Aid in maintaining acid-base balance
Secretion of waste in urine
Elimination of urine from bladder
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KIDNEYS
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KIDNEYS
The kidneys have the potential to work harder than they actually do in case one kidney should fail, the other would be able to take over full capacity
The kidney is divided into 2 layers
Cortex - outer, granular layer
Medulla - inner, striated layer
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NEPHRON
The nephron is the basic structural and functional unit of the kidney
Each kidney has more than one million nephrons
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8. URINE FORMATION IN THE NEPHRON
3 processes of urine formation
Filtration by the glomerulus
Reabsorption within the renal tubules
Secretion by the tubular cells
Urinary output is between 1,000 and 2,000 ml/24 hours
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URETERS
There are two ureters (one per kidney) that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder
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URINARY BLADDER
The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular organ made of elastic fibers and involuntary muscle
The urinary bladder stores urine until about 1 pint (500ml) is accumulated
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11. CONTROL OF URINARY SECRETION
Chemical control
Nervous control
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12. DISORDERS OF THE URINARY SYSTEM
Acute kidney failure
Chronic renal failure
Glomerulonephritis
Acute glomerulonephritis
Chronic glomerulonephritis
Hydronephrosis
Pyelonephritis
Kidney stones
Cystitis
Incontinence
Neurogenic bladder
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13. DISORDERS OF THE URINARY SYSTEM
Dialysis is the treatment for kidney failure in which blood is passed through a device in order to remove waste, salt, and excess water from the blood
Hemodialysis dialysis
Peritoneal dialysis
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14. DISORDERS OF THE URINARY SYSTEM
Kidney transplants are performed in cases of chronic and debilitating kidney disease and renal failure of both kidneys
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