1. Dendritic Cells in Transplantation and Immune-Based Therapies
James W. Young, Miriam Merad, Derek N.J. Hart 
Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation 
Volume 13, Pages (January 2007)
DOI: /j.bbmt
Copyright © 2007 American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
Development of human DC subsets. Precursors in blood and bone marrow (left section) can give rise to 4 types of DCs. Counterparts exist in vivo for each DC type generated with cytokines in vitro, although the moDC has proven more elusive to identify in situ. Trace populations of circulating myeloid or conventional DCs and plasmacytoid DCs also exist in blood. Terminal maturation and activation are complex processes but are necessary for DCs to exert optimal immunogenicity. FL, Flt-3 ligand; GM, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor; KL, c-kit-ligand. (Reprinted from The Journal of Immunology 2005;175: and used with permission, Copyright 2005 The American Association of Immunologists, Inc.)
Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation  , 23-32DOI: ( /j.bbmt )
Copyright © 2007 American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation Terms and Conditions

3. Figure 2
Inflammatory perturbations of the steady state lead to DC stimulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. Shown on the left are the principal cellular components of innate immunity as they pertain to the currently understood role of human dendritic cells. Shown on the right are the principal cellular components of acquired or adaptive immunity as they pertain to human DCs. Under inflammatory conditions, antigens capture segregates to immature DCs (shown at top on the right), with antigen-presentation and immunogenic lymphocyte stimulation being an acquired property of mature DCs (shown at bottom on the right). Not shown is the steady-state condition in the absence of inflammation, where most DCs in lymphoid organs are immature or semimature and process and present self-antigens to induce or maintain tolerance. (Reprinted from The Journal of Immunology 2005;175: , and used with permission, Copyright 2005 The American Association of Immunologists.)
Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation  , 23-32DOI: ( /j.bbmt )
Copyright © 2007 American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation Terms and Conditions