1. Scientific vs. Common Name
Animal Kingdom
Scientific vs. Common Name
Porifera – Sponges
Cnidarians – Coelenterates
Mollusca – Mollusks
Echinodermata – Echinoderms
Platyhelminthes – Flatworms
Nematoda – Roundworms
Annelida - Segmented worms
Arthopoda – Arthropods
Chordata - Chordates

2. Phylums: Porifera (sponges) Cnidarian (hydra, jellyfish, sea anemones, coral) Mollusca (snails, octopus, squid, clam) Echinodermata (starfish, sea urchin, sea cucumber, sea lily) Invertebrates Platyhelminthes (flatworms) Nematoda (roundworms) Annelida (segmented worms) Arthopoda (insects, arachnids, myriapods, crustaceans) Chordata (fish, amphibians, reptiles, Vertebrates birds, mammals)
(no backbone)
(have backbone)

3. Sponges Characteristics: the simplest animal lack tissues
are sessile, meaning they attach to a surface and remain there their entire life
are asymmetrical; meaning irregular in shape

4. Sponge Skeletons:
sponges have skeletons made of spicules (tiny needles made of silica or calcium), spongin (flexible protein fibers), or both

5. Cnidarians Characteristics: radial symmetry gastrovascular cavity
hydrostatic skeleton
have cnidocytes, stinging
cells on their tentacles
within each cnidocyte is a barbed harpoon
called a nematocyst used for defense and to spear prey (some are toxic others just stun)

6. Two Body Forms
medusa - are free floating, jellylike, and often umbrella – shaped
polyp – forms are tubelike and are usually attached to a rock or some other object

7. Mollusks Characteristics: bilateral symmetry
has a muscular region called a foot
has a radula, tongue-like organ, except bivalves
has a mantle, a heavy fold of tissue that forms the outer layer of the body, it secretes a shell

8. Three Classes of Mollusks:
Bivalves – “two shells”
ex: oysters, mussels, scallop, clam
Gastropods – “one shell”, has a
stomach foot ex: snails, slugs
Cephalopods – most of their body is made of
a “large head” attached to
tentacles
ex: squid, octopus, cuttle fish,
nautilus,

9. Echinoderms Characteristics: spiny invertebrates
radial symmetry (circular shape)
many have 5 arms, a hole in the middle called a mouth, and an organ called a tube foot
most can regenerate

10. Echinoderm Diversity:
Sea Urchin
Brittle Star
Sea Star
Sand Dollar
Sea Cucumber
Sea Lilly
Feather Star
Sea Daisy

11. Platyhelminthes (Flatworms)
Characteristics:
gastrovascular cavity
bilateral symmetry
has specialized
organs such as nerve
organs (eyespots)
and reproductive
organs

12. Habitats:
planarian (free-living flatworms) live in the sea, in fresh water, or in moist areas such as under logs on land
flukes are parasites and must live off another living animal or host during at least part of their life cycle
tapeworms are parasites and live in the intestines of almost every kind of animal

13. Nematoda (Roundworm) Characteristics: Habitat:
more complex than the flatworm
have both a mouth and anus
have muscles, nerves, excretory organs, and reproductive organs
have tough cuticle or waxy outer covering
Habitat:
soil, marine and fresh-water mud
many are parasites to plants and animals

14. Examples: Hookworm – lives in the soil and can bore through the feet
Trichina – causes Trichinosis, a disease caused by improperly cooked pork containing young Trichina
Filaria Worm – causes Elephantiasis, which is transmitted by a mosquito bite causing the feet and legs to swell

15. Annelida (Segmented Worms)
Characteristics:
most complex worm
has a coelom (a space filled with fluid between the gut and skin
have blood vessels
has an excretory organ called the nephridium to get rid of liquid waste

16. Examples:
bristleworms – most are marine, some live in tubes they build by sticking sand and pieces of shell together
earthworms – burrow in the soil or live around water weeds
leeches – live in fresh water, many are parasites which suck blood from their host

17. Arthopods Characteristics: jointed legs
exoskeleton - it keeps the body from drying out but must be shed as the arthropod grows by a process called molting
simple and/or compound eyes

18. Four Major Classes: Myriapods – centipedes and millipedes
(over 100 legs)
Insects – beetles, flies, grasshopper
(3 pairs of legs)
Arachnids – spiders, ticks, scorpions
(4 pairs of legs)
Crustaceans – lobsters, crab, shrimp,
pillbugs (several pair of legs)

19. Crustaceans Characteristics: invertebrate exoskeleton
jointed body and limbs
most have stalks with eyes

20. Chordates (Vertebrates)
Characteristics:
have a backbone (vertebrate)
endoskeleton
eyes, nostrils, mouth
usually 2 pair of limbs

21. Classes of Vertebrates:
Agnatha (Jawless Fish) – lampreys, hagfish
Chondrichthyes (Cartilage Fish) – sharks, rays
Osteichthyes (Bony Fish) – perch, salmon
Amphibians – frogs, toads, salamanders
Reptiles – turtles, snakes, lizards
Aves (Birds) – penguins, ducks, sparrows
Mammals – bat, kangaroo, man