1. African Urbanism: Contesting Formality and Informality in Maputo, Mozambique \
Presentation at NHH/CMI Seminar
‘Cooperation on Urban Development’
Bergen 8 February 2013
Inge Tvedten, CMI

2. African Urbanism African cities must be understood on their own terms
Capital of Mozambique with 1.1 (1.8) million inhabitants
70% ‘slum-like characteristics’ and inadequate services
Poverty rate 50%, with increasing inequality
Official: Formal and informal city spaces
Population: Layers of trichoto-mies and dichotomies
No urban development plans for informal settlements/slums – only ‘strategies’

3. Contested Urban Space
Rapidly changing urban-scape with liberalisation of land and housing market
‘Slummification’ of sub-urban space, and formalisation of the peri-urban
‘Inverse governmentality’ and incremental housing have made people feel secure
Now contested by municipal authorities and private capital

4. Formalising the Informal
The processes of ‘inverse governmentality’ in poor bairros should be protected and sup-ported
Urban services (roads, water, electricity, waste collection) through strategic planning/ community processes
Policy implementation by selecting ‘test-bairros’ for implementation
Enforcing a formalisation of PTOs and housing standards will lead to more urban uprisings