1. Subatomic Particles and Mass, Atomic Numbers and Isotopes

2. 1. What is matter? Anything that occupies space and has mass
Has to have both!!!

4. 2. What is an atom? Simplest form of an element
How are atoms and elements related?
Elements are substances that can not be broken down into different substances

5. 3. How are atoms and elements related?
Elements are made of atoms

6. 4. What is this a picture of?
water molecule

7. 5 & 6. Based upon the picture
A. How many hydrogen atoms are there? 2
B. How many oxygen atoms are there? 1
6. What is the chemical formula?
H2O

8. 7. In the formula, where does the # of elements go?
After the letter as a subscript
H20
Water has how many hydrogens? 2
How do you know?
Water has how many oxygens?

9. 8. An atom has three major subatomic particles
What is the blue area called?
nucleus
What is in the blue area?
Nucleus -Protons and neutrons
What are their charges?
Protons (+) neutrons (none)
What are the yellow circles?
electrons
What is its charge?
(-)
Relationship on periodic table

10. 9. Subatomic particles What has the positive charge? Protons
What has a negative charge?
Electrons
What has no charge?
neutrons

11. 11. Atomic # & atomic mass Atomic mass Vs atomic number
Atomic # of 6 has 6 protons and 6 electrons
Atomic mass = protons + neutrons
Atomic mass – atomic # = # of neutrons
# of neutrons?

12. 13. Isotopes All carbon How are they different?
Different number of neutrons
Same mass #
How are isotopes used in our lives today?
Bone scans

13. Bonding Why do chemicals bond? To make compounds
How do they bond? (look at periodic table)
Using electrons in the outer orbitals of an element or atom

14. 1. Where do I find the # of electrons?
Top # above the symbol
How many electrons are there is Na? 11
How do you know?
Above the symbol

15. 2. Finding the number of e- for bonding
Look at the top of each column
The # represents the amount of electrons in the outer shell orbital

16. 3 & 4. Elements of the left side Vs right side
Left are metals
Right are non-metals – mostly gases
Column 8 = noble gases
Why?

17. 5. Ionic Bonds From opposite sides of the periodic table
One element is giving up electrons to the other

18. 6. Covalent Bonds
From the right side of the periodic table (except for H)
One element is sharing electrons with the other

19. 7. Is NaCl an ionic or covalent bond?
Why?
Different sides of the equation

20. 8. Is CO2 an ionic or covalent bond?
Why?
Same side of the periodic table

21. “8” being the magic # except for Hydrogen and helium
Look at the atomic # for hydrogen and helium – how many total electrons do they have?
Look at the picture
How many electrons are in the 1st orbital?
How many electrons are in the 2nd orbital?

22. 9. Potassium is in what column?
1st
How many electrons are available for bonding? 1

23. 10. Chlorine is in what column?7
How many electrons are available for bonding?

24. 11. Carbon is in what column?4
How many electrons are available for bonding?

25. 12. Which elements will bond the easiest and why?
A. K
B. Cl
C. C
K and Cl since they only need to add or lose one electron

26. 13. Hydrogen bonding Why is it good for us?
Bonds are easily broken
Can convert solid to liquid to gas
Ice to fluid to condensation
Iced tea

27. 14. Balancing Equations Law of Conservation of Mass
Reactant and Products must have the same amount of atoms!

28. Why do we care about atoms, electrons, and bonding in Biology?
Why do we eat?
To get energy
How do we get the energy?
Break down food to glucose – every cell in our body needs glucose

29. Most important elements to Biology
CHNOPS
Carbon is in all living things (carbon backbone)
H2O is in all living things
Proteins have Nitrogen and sulfur
Phosphorus is in phospholipids