1. Problem solving and decision making
Week 2
LO2

2. What is the difference between decision making and problem solving
Have a discussion with students and ask them to google and post the answer on the discussion board

3. Toyota problem solving steps
1. Perceive the initial problem look at the symptoms
2. Clarify the problem
Observe the situation with an open mind
Compare the actual situation to the standard
Determine if variance exist
Determine of multiple variances exist if so prioritise using FMEA
Set an improvement objective
3. Determine the actual point of cause
Where in the process we have the issue or which part of the product etc

4. 4. Determine the root cause using five why analysis
Ask why the observed variance exist
Ask why to the answer of above questions and go one asking why to every answer to reach the root cause
Use the other quality tools like cause and effect diagram or pareto tools
5. Develop and implement a counter measure 5. Evaluate counter measure effectiveness in solving the problem
Evaluate its effectives and gain a consensus before the change is implemented
6. Change the standard and original standard must be changed to counter measure

5. Use problem solving and decision making exercises and ask students to do a group work in session 2 of the week

6. DMAIC DMAIC (an acronym for) Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and
Control) (pronounced də-MAY-ick) refers to a data-driven improvement cycle used for improving, optimizing and stabilizing business processes and designs. The DMAIC improvement cycle is the core tool used to drive Six Sigma projects.

7. Decision making Objectives must first be established
Objectives must be classified and placed in order of importance
Alternative actions must be developed
The alternatives must be evaluated against all the objectives
The alternative that is able to achieve all the objectives is the tentative decision
The tentative decision is evaluated for more possible consequences
The decisive actions are taken, and additional actions are taken to prevent any adverse consequences from becoming problems and starting both systems (problem analysis and decision-making) all over again

8. PDCA cycle

9. Difference between decision making and problem solving
Problem solving is for the current issue or problems . Its more reactive
Decision making is future oriented and is more proactive in nature