1. AP Biology Saturday Session 3
Evolution as a Process
Session 4 – Cladistics

2. Question 1 B
Clue: family

3. Taxonomy of Life
Please briefly go over the different taxonic levels. We are trying to lay a foundation for understanding the rest of the section.

4. Question 2 D
Please briefly go over each of the answers and how it could or could not be used to establish evolutionary relationship.

5. Question 3 C
Clue: molecular

6. Question 4 D
Clue: cats
Please convey to students that the one that does not fit the category is referred to as the outgroup and all that do fit the category are called the ingroup.

7. Clue: common ancestor and all
Question 5 A
Clue: common ancestor and all
Please explain the first thee terms using the next slide

8. Grouping 1 Monophyletic Clade
A Common ancestor and all the descendants are highlighted.
Monophyletic

9. Polyphyletic (poly = more than 1)
Poly referring to more than one clade as seen by E being from one clade and G from another.

10. Paraphyletic (para = around)
This is one one group around the much bigger clade.

11. Trait Table

12. Cladogram Final Jawless Fish Shark Reptile Bird Amphibian Mammal
Feathers
Fur (hair)
Keratin Scales
4 limbs
Jaws
Backbone