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Chromosomes and Mitosis
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Eukaryotic Chromosomes
Made of DNA and protein When a cell is not dividing, chromosomes are long, thin strands of chromatin
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Function is to pass on traits Structure of chromosome:
Sister chromatids – copied DNA Centromere – attaches each pair of chromatids
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Each organism has a characteristic # of chromosomes
Ex. Humans have 46 chromosomes Sexually reproducing organisms have 2 sets of homologous chromosomes w/ same genetic info
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Mitosis Division of nucleus Occurs in 4 stages: PMAT
Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
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Phase 1: Prophase Chromosomes become visible
Centrioles move to either side of cell Spindle fibers form Chromosomes attach to spindle at centromeres Nuclear membrane and nucleolus disappear KEY WORD: PAIR
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Phase 2: Metaphase Phase 3: Anaphase
Chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell KEY WORD: MIDDLE Phase 3: Anaphase Sister chromatids separate into individual chromosomes Chromosomes move to either end of the cell KEY WORDS: APART & AWAY
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Mitosis is followed by cytokinesis
Phase 4: Telophase Chromosomes uncoil Nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes Nucleolus reappears KEY WORD: TWO NUCLEI Mitosis is followed by cytokinesis Cleavage furrow in animal cells Cell plate in plant cells
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Summary: Results in 2 daughter cells which are identical to the parent cell Form of asexual reproduction Used for growth and repair of tissue Unicellular organisms use it to reproduce
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